- A+
长难句，顾名思义，既长又难，主要难在用词、结构等方面，其典型特征是从句套从句、大词小词轮番上阵。阅读理解得分低，往往是因为文章看不懂，文章中的句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。今天，文都跟大家来分析一下这几个长难句，希望能够帮助到大家。
【长难句5】
Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effcect”, or “illusory superiority,” and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others ------ all abviously statistically impossibility.
社会心理学家针对所谓的“高于平均数效应”或“虚幻的优越感”进行了大量研究，并指出我们中有70%的人自认为领导能力高于常人，93%的人认为自己驾驶水平高于常人，85%的人认为与人相处的能力高于常人——很显然这些在统计学上是不可能的。
【解析】
这句话整体上是简单句谓语并列，大句子主语是“Social psychologists”，谓语是“have amassed”和“shown that”并列。
“have amassed”的宾语是“oceans of research”，之后是介词短语“into +what...superiority’ 
”作定语修饰“research”，其中what 引导的从句是介词into 的宾语从句，宾语从句中they 作主语，call 作谓语，后面的the “above average effcect”, or “illusory superiority,”是宾语，两个短语是并列关系，因为是引用，可以翻译为“高于平均效应”或“虚幻的优越感”。
后半句话中谓语动词shown后面接的是宾语从句，宾语从句中是多个简单句并列，其中后面两个个简单句有省略。宾语从句中第一个简单句70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership， 主语是70% of us，谓语是rate ... as..., 宾语是ourselves， as的宾语是above average，后面加了介词短语in leadership, 后面的93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others 都存在省略，“93% in driving”的完整句子是93% of us rate ourselves as above average in driving， 85% at getting on well with others的完整句子是85% of us rate ourselves as above average at getting on well with others，最后是破折号引出对原句内容的补充说明all abviously statistically impossibility.
【长难句6】
Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or 
'dare to know'.
这些探索知识并且理解已知信息的行为可以用拉丁文“Sapere aude”或英文“dare to know(勇于求知)”描述。
【解析】
句子主干：Such actions were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or 'dare to know'. (主+谓+宾，被动语态)
修饰成分：to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew是and并列的两个to do 短语作后置定语，修饰actions，其中what information we already knew是动词后面的宾语从句。
【长难句7】
With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territorie.
文艺复兴使教会的教育和思维方式黯然失色，消除了中世纪和现代之间的鸿沟，同时带来新的、尚未发掘的领域。
【解析】
句子主干：the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged。(主语+谓语，被动语态)
修饰成分：with短语作伴随状语：with (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance(文艺复兴);leading 
to new and unexplored intellectual territories是现在分词短语作结果状语。
【长难句8】
The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. (2017 年 Text2)
为了探索地平线另一边的奥秘，早期的波利尼西亚人来到了夏威夷，同样的好奇心激发当今的天文学家探索浩瀚天宇。
【解析】
长难句优先抓主干，本句主干为：The same curiosity inspires astronomers to explore the heavens.名词curiosity后的to do 不定式为后置定语，修饰curiosity;动词find后面what引导的从句为宾语从句。That从句也为定语从句，that充当主语成分，根据句意，是修饰前面的名词curiosity。
