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●? ?表象类
●? 1. the issue of whether ... or not has been widely argued/ debated currently.
●? 2.??? sth. is a common occurrence in our daily life. 粗茶淡饭
●? it is not uncommon/ unusual that... 缺乏为奇/习认为常
●? 3. come into vogue/ fashion/ a common occurrence 逐步盛行起来
●? 4. ... as far as ... is concerned; in (the) view/ light of; with regard to; as regards, speaking of, considering, given that... 触及到
●? 5. with the advent of ... 跟着...的到来
●? there is an inspiring/ irresistible tendency of/ a steady development that ...
●?? 观念类
●? （1）中立
●? 1.有些人认为...有些人认为....
●?? hold different attitudes towards... some... while others are inclined to...
●?? there is an opposite voice/ a controversial issue on both sides going on arguing whether
●? 2.“我认为”句型
●?? 1. i最初
●?? i reckon/ reflect/ perceive that...
●?? i am under the impression/ illusion/ delusion that ...
●?? im pretty convinced that... / i strongly commit to the notion that ...
●?? i hold the notion that a extends further beyond b
●?? 2. 无灵主语
●?? an idea occurred to me.
●?? an idea comes/ flashes into my mind.
●?? what strikes/ hits me most is...
●?? ?it suddenly dawned on me that... 我俄然想到...
at dawn 在拂晓? at dusk 在傍晚
●?? past experience has taught me that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.
be beyond attainment? 遥不可以及
●?? ‘red dragon
●?? whats on your mind?
你如今是怎么想的？
●?? something still doesnt make sense to me.
有些事我仍是想不通
●?? you dont strike me as a man who makes various mistakes.
我可不觉得你是一个会犯许多差错的人
●?? 我真实想不通为啥大伙儿都觉得他这自个高不可以攀，我形象中他挺和蔼可亲的。（strike）【2021.1徐汇一模】
●?? i cant understand why people all think he is inaccessible,? because he strikes me as a very approachable and amiable person.
●? 3. 这种主意很有/几乎没有/毫无真实性
●?? there is a good deal of/ little/ no truth in this idea/ picture.
●?? the idea never appeals to me very much./ i dont fancy the idea that...
●? 4. 可以性很大/很小
●?? ones chances of doing sth. are good/ remote(low/slim).
●?? 咱们历经磨难最终可以进入抱负大学的可以性是很大的
our chances of being able to enter an ideal university after struggling through so much hardship/ so many hardships are good.
●? 5. v.+beyond+n. 难以/无法......
●?? be beyond belief / description / imagination? 难以信赖/描绘/愿望
●?? be beyond dispute / comparison / words 无可争议/无与伦比/无以言表
●? 6. 不晓得
●?? why/ how ... is beyond me.
why he wants to go to high school is beyond me.? ——
●?? it has always been a mystery to me why ...
●?? it has never been explained why ...
●? 7.好坏皆有的作业
●?? be a mixed blessing/ receive praise and abuse...
praise and abuse? 褒贬纷歧
●?? receive/ meet with a mixed reception 我们对...定见纷歧，褒贬纷歧
●? 8. 某作业/观念尚待谈论，有待参议
●?? be a matter for debate
●?? be open to debate
●? （2）利益/撑持
●? 1. 咱们现已习气与等待……，并对……发生了不可以不坚决的崇奉。
●?? we have learned to expect that... and have developed an unshakable faith in...
●? 2. 对或人/某事很器重，评价很高
●?? hold sb./ sth. in high regard/ esteem
●? 3.从活泼的视点来看某事
●?? see/ present something in a positive light
●? 4. ……是获得……的通行证 【口】
●?? …is an entry ticket to ...
●?? be a passport to sth.
●? 5. 翻开双臂热切等待某事物
●?? ?welcome... with open arms
●? 6.为...扫清/铺平/拓荒路途/创造条件等
●?? clear/ pave/ open / smooth the way for sth.
●? （3）缺陷/对立
●? 1. 对某事不附和，对某事看不惯
●?? take a dim/ poor view of sth.
●? 2. 使或人处于晦气方位
●?? put/ place sb. at a disadvantage
●?? 例子类
●? 1. be exemplified by
●? 2. 变成……的一个榜样
●? be a shining/ prime example of ...
●? be the epitome of ...
epitome 表象，缩影
●? the melting ice caps is a prime example of the effects of global warming.
●? 3. 这恰如/也会
●? this is the similar case with/ when...
●? 4.??? there are cases when/ where...
●? a good case in point is the fact that...
●?? 因果类
●? （1）缘由
●? 1. 缘由很简略，就是……
●?? for the simple reason that...
●?? summer holiday is referred to as the paradise for students for the simple reason that white-collar workers cannot enjoy it.
●? 2. 引来某事物的人或事
●?? be the instrument of sth.
●?? the organization he had established eventually became the instrument of his downfall.
他所树立的组织究竟使他垮了台。
●? 3. underlie v. 构成...的基础/ 是...的缘由
●?? what underlies procrastination is not so much the demanding nature of particular tasks as peoples inability to schedule their plans properly.
构成推迟症的缘由与其说是某项使命的艰巨性，不如说是我们短少合理组织方案的才能。
●? （2）成果
●? 1. 致使
●?? give rise to/ set up/ breed/ yield/ contribute to/ be accountable for/ account for
●?? poverty breeds war.
●?? favoritism breeds resentment.
●?? a number of factors are accountable for 或 might contribute to 或 account for the phenomenon (problem).
●? 2. the immediate result it produces is ...
●? 3. 负面作用
●?? reduce (in)to doing/sth. , wind up with/ end up with 使发生负面影响；以...告终
●?? the war reduced him to an orphan.
●?? he was reduced to begging for a living.
他流浪为以乞讨为生。
●? 4. 正面作用
●?? exert a far-reaching and lasting influence on
●?? upgrade, stimulate, boost, enhance...
●?? 主张类
●? （1）避免类
●? abolish the practice of
除去...常规
●? lay a ban on
阻止做某事
●? strictly follow a code of
严肃遵从
●? （2）煽动类
●? be expected to do, be supposed to do, take ... into consideration
●? it is advisable/ highly recommended for sb. to do
激烈主张
●? leave a lot/ something/ much to be desired 还有许多需要改进的当地
●? it is incumbent upon/ on sb. to do sth.? 做某事是或人义无反顾的责任
●? there is no magic formula for (doing) sth. 做某事没有捷径
●? （3）主张的承受
●? the common recognition of the importance of ... might be the first step on the right way.
●? 
to promote (suppress/ cultivate/ popularize/ curb 抑制/ root up 找出）the issue in question, the public attention (more emphasis) should be placed (put/ focused) upon two proposals (moves/ measures/ solutions)
●? on way to tackle ... is ... another way that is worth adopting is ...
●? what really counts is not a but b
●? we cannot live without ... , but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with problems that would arise.
●? （4）主张的总结
????????????? 全文结束
●? no doubt, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that... will be put in danger.
●? to sum up, the key point is how to make good use of... while taking advantage of ..., we must try to find ways to reduce its defects to a minimum.
●? its high time that we recognized the significance of/ developed a sound sense of ...
●? my experience teachers me that ...
needs a thorough and persevering process ... had better abide by the principles mentioned above.
●?? 转机类
●? 1.当然……可是……
●? it is true that... however, ...
●? 2. 另一种情况恰恰相反。
●? the other side of the picture is quite the opposite.
●? this is not always the case.
情况不老是这样。
●? 3.假定你可以扔掉...，你会发现...
●? if you can do without ... , you will find ...
●? if you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country , you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.
●? 4. 利大于弊/弊大于利
●? do more good than harm/ be more helpful than harmful
●? the advantages (much/ far) outweigh the disadvantages.
●?? 比照/类推类
●? （1）无与伦比/非常
●? 1.extremely, exceptionally, remarkably, notably, extraordinarily, exceedingly, considerably, bitterly...
●? hardly anyone can positively enjoy...
●? apply yourself assiduously to sth.
●? 2.比照
●
?? be whiter than white 【口】
●?? outsmart, outrun, outfox, outweigh, outlast, outnumber (vt.)
●?? have no parallel / be without parallel
无可敌对
●? 3.否定+比照，比照+极限状况
●?? no creature has received more praise and abuse than...
●?? few things could be more impressive than...
●?? nothing can be compared with...
●?? nothing can match airplanes for their speed and comfort.
●?? the immediate factor is nothing more valuable than...
●?? be nothing / little short of sth. 毫不差劲与某物
双否
●? （2）比照显着/相形见绌
●?? bring / throw sth. into sharp relief? 使……分外引人凝视
●?? not be in the same league (as sb. / sth.) （和或人/某物）不在同一等级上
●?? 相形见绌，小巫见大巫
●?? sth. pale into insignificance
●?? be out shone
●?? overshadow? 使...相形见绌
●?? not so much ... but / as ...?? 与其说是...不如说是...
●?? 递进/偏重类
●? （1）偏重句
●? （2）倒装句
●? （3）双否句
●? never / cannot fail to , invariably, constantly
●?
no one can deny the fact that ...
●? there is no shortage of
●? there is nothing worse than ...
●? find it impossible to resist the temptation to do
●? it is hard / difficult to overestimate sth.
●? it is not uncommon / unusual that ...
●?? 时刻推移类
●? 1.一...就... at the idea/ sound/ sight/ mention that
一想到/听到/看到/说到
●? had no sooner done ... than did
●? 2. it marks the beginning/ end of/ prelude to/ postlude to ...(doing)
●? 3. it was the memories of ... 追溯到
●? 4. witness 见证
●? 5. there are times / occasions when ...? 有时
●? there was a time when ...? 早年
