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近寒流来袭、天气变化很大,很多朋友都生病了,但是此“生病”非彼“生病”,这里面的学问可大了,你知道英文里描述“生病”有25种说法吗?
1. have:表示“生病”,后常跟表示疾病的名词,是通俗的说法,多用于口语。
例句:As I remember, my brother and sister both had severe asthmatic attacks in the childhood.我记得,我弟弟和妹妹小时候都得过严重的哮喘病。
2. take/catch:均可表示“生病”,且含有“感染”之意。美国人多用take,英国人多用catch。
例句:Mary takes cold easily. 玛丽易患感冒。 Towards the end of the year, his son caught scarlet fever. 快到年底的时候他儿子得了腥红热。
3. contract:较正式的“生病”用语,常用于书面语。
例句:The patient may contract acute bacterial peritonitis, in which case a surgical intervention should be considered. 该病人可能患有急性细菌性腹膜炎,在这种情况下就得考虑手术处理。
4. get:常作“生病”讲,后接表示疾病的名词。
例句:I think she’s got epidemic meningitis. 我怀疑她得了流行性脑膜炎。
5. suffer from:常用来表示“患病”,后接疾病名词,多用于医生与病人的交谈之中。
例句:Is there anybody in your family who has suffered from the same eye disease as you? 你家中还有没有人得过跟你一样的眼病?
例句:The patient is ill with influenza. 病人患流行性感冒。
7. (be) sick with:多用于美式英语,与be ill with可以相互替换,但sick with不能改为sick of。
例句:The doctor told me that I was sick(ill) with hypertension.医生说我患有高血压。
8. fall ill(sick) with; fall ill(sick):表示“患……病”时,后面须加with。
例句:Jackie fell ill with a fever last week and has been in bed ever since.杰基上星期发烧,一直躺在床上。
9. be seized with:一般表示“zzyypep突然患……病”。
例句:The patient was seized with apoplexy yesterday afternoon.病人昨天下午忽患中风。
10. be attacked with:基本意是“为……疾病所侵袭”,常译成“患……病”。
例句:Attacked with acute myocardial infraction, the patient was warded for a week in hospital. 病人患急性心肌梗塞后,在医院里监护了一个星期。
11. be troubled with:意为“患……病”。
例句:The patient troubled with constipation should have enough sleep, regular time for meal and proper mastication of food. 便秘病人应有足够的睡眠,进食定时,对于食物要细嚼慢咽。
12. be vulnerable to:一般常用来表示“易患……病”。
例句:Fibres from the macular region of the retina are particularly vulnerable to inflammation. 视网膜斑区的纤维特别易患炎症。
13. expose...to (be exposed to):以为“使……易患……病”,“易患……病”。
例句: An attack of fever weakens a child and exposes it to all kinds of infections. 发烧使患儿虚弱,易患各种感染。
When having cold, children are exposed to pneumonia. 孩子感冒时易患肺炎。