- A+
??It’s late in the evening: time to close the book and turn off the computer.You’re done for the day. What you may not realize, however, is that the learningprocess actually continues—in your dreams.
It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasinglyfocusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorbduring the day and the fragmented, often bizarre imaginings they generate atnight. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we’ve learned isassociated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there’ssome truth to the popular notion that we’re “getting” a foreign language once webegin dreaming in it). What’s more, researchers are coming to recognize thatdreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what welearn—and that dreams may even hold out the possibility of directing ourlearning as we doze.
While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns ofactivity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what onepsychologist calls a neural(神经的)virtual reality. A vivid example of suchreenactment can be seen in this video, made as part of a 2011 study byresearchers in the Sleep Disorders Unit at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions likesleepwalking, in which the sleeper engages in the kind of physical movement thatis normally inhibited during slumber. They then videotaped the subjects as theyslept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, the woman on the tape does a faithfulrendition of the dance moves she learned earlier—“the first direct andunambiguous demonstration of overt behavioral replay of a recently learned skillduring human sleep,” writes lead author Delphine Oudiette.
Of course, most of us are not quite so energetic during sleep—but ourbrains are busy nonetheless. While our bodies are at rest, scientists theorize,our brains are extracting what’s important from the information and events we’verecently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what wealready know—perhaps explaining why dreams are such an odd mixture of freshexperiences and old memories. A dream about something we’ve just learned seemsto be a sign that the new knowledge has been processed effectively. In a 2010study published in the journal Current Biology , researchers at Harvard MedicalSchool reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze taskthey had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to navigate themaze compared to participants who did not dream about the task.
Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studyingright before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoonmight increase the odds of dreaming about the material. But some scientists arepushing the notion of enhancing learning through dreaming even further, askingsleepers to mentally practice skills while they slumber. In a pilot studypublished in The Sport Psychologist journal in 2010, University of Bernpsychologist Daniel Erlacher instructed participants to dream about tossingcoins into a cup. Those who successfully dreamed about the task showedsignificant improvement in their real-life coin-tossing abilities. Experimentslike Erlacher’s raise the possibility that we could train ourselves to cultivateskills while we slumber. Think about that as your head hits the pillowtonight.
Brilliant readers, do you ever have dreams about what you were studying orworking on while you you were awake? Did you feel that you mastered thisdreamed-about material more fully? Please share your thoughts on my blog, here.
51. What is scientists’ finding about dreaming?
A) It involves disconnected, weird images.
B) It resembles fragments of science fiction.-
C) Dreaming about a learned task betters its performance.
D) Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one’s sleep.
52. What happens when one enters a dream state?
A) The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.
B) The neural activity of the brain will become intensified.
C) The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality videogame.
D) The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.
53. What does the brain do while we are sleeping?
A) It systematizes all the data collected during the day.
B) It substitutes old information with new data.
C) It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.
D) It classifies information and places it in different files
【解析】
51. 正确答案 【C】
解题思路：根据题干定位至第二段第二句话，所以答案就是that从句内容“that dreaming about a task we’ve learnedis associated with improved performance in that activity”梦到一个咱们现已学过的使命，这个使命与在这个活动中前进体现有关，所以选C
烦扰选项分析：A disconnected, weird images对应第二段第一句fragmented, often bizarreimaginings，区域紊乱。B fragments of science fiction在第一句，区域紊乱。D出自第二句，文中是improvedperformance，而选项是disturbs one’s sleep 分配紊乱。
52. 正确答案【D】
解题思路：根据题干定位到第三段第一句，“While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replaysthe patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours”研讨标明，当咱们睡觉时，大脑会重复它在清醒时阅历的活动方法，选D
烦扰选项分析：A The body continues to act身体持续活动与第四段第一句“most of us are not quite soenergetic during sleep—but our brains are busy nonetheless”意思相反，身体没有活动，而且区域紊乱。Bneural activity出自第一句，但并未说到become intensified惹是生非。C出自第一句，但文中是“allowing us toenter what one psychologist calls a neural virtual reality”让咱们进入一位心思学家所说的神经虚拟实际，而不是大脑就像在玩虚拟实际视频游戏，掉包谓语动词。
53. 正确选项【C】
解题思路：根据题干定位到第四段第二句, While our bodies are at rest, scientists theorize, ourbrains are extracting what’s important from the information and events we’verecently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what wealready know” , extract和integrate获取和联系信息对应C选项processes and absorbs加工和吸收，选C
烦扰选项分析：A出自第二句，但systematize使…体系化 掉包谓语动词，而且文中是extracting what’simportant获取重要的信息，而不是all一切，规模紊乱。B substitutes old information with newdata用新信息替代旧信息，文中并未提及，惹是生非。D classify分类，place放，都未体现加工处置信息这个进程。
选词填空
【试题】
“Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated.” Those werethe words uttered by pioneering British scientist Rosalind Franklin, who firmlybelieved that the pursuit of science should be (26) to all.
As a woman working in the first half of the 20th century, Franklin’scontributions to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time –including the structure of DNA – were sadly (27) in her lifetime. One of myproudest moments in my role as universities and science minister was being ableto go some way to redress this injustice last month, by unveiling the new Marsrover named after this brilliant British scientist.
Today, on International Women’s Day, it is only right that we recognise theimportant work of female scientists like Franklin and seek to honour her memoryby inspiring more women and girls to follow in her footsteps.
More than 60 years after Franklin’s death, we are (28) living in adifferent world, where women play an important part in every echelon of oursociety – not least in science, innovation, higher education and research.
UK universities are world leaders when it comes to advancing and (29)gender equality. The Athena SWAN charter, initially established to improve therepresentation of women in scientific disciplines in higher education, now has145 members. It has also expanded to promote gender equality in multipledisciplines – including the arts, social sciences, humanities, business andlaw.
In the past decade, we have seen a (30) increase in England in the numberof women accepted on to full-time undergraduate degrees in science, technology,engineering and maths (Stem subjects). And in the last academic year, women (31)for more than half of all Stem postgraduates at UK universities. The governmentis taking further steps to improve women’s representation in science and hastoday awarded nine inspiring women ??50,000 to develop inventions to tackle thechallenges and seize the opportunities we face as a society. From new materialsto cut down on plastics pollution to special devices to improve posture andcomfort for wheelchair users, these women are at the forefront of creating thenew technology for tomorrow.
This is significant progress, but access to higher education is only halfof the equation. To have real equality in the sector, we need to ensure talentedwomen are able to progress into the academic and leadership roles they desire,and get the remuneration they deserve.
Data shows us the (32) to success gets harder for women to climb thefurther up they go. Although women make up the majority of undergraduates in ouruniversities, just under half of academic staff are female. At (33) levels, onlya quarter of professors are women, and black women make up less than 2% of allfemale academic staff.
I welcome the introduction of pro-active strategies like the new initiativeat the University of Leicester, which I am visiting today, to increase thenumber of female professors by 1.5% each year, with the overall goal of having30% professorships held by women by 2021.
There are also stark differences in pay across grades. The gender paygapbased on median salaries across the sector in 2016-17 was 13.7%, (34) thereis still some way to go to ensure women are rising through the ranks to highergrade positions and being 
paid (35) .
【解析】
26. 固定分配 be accessible to可接近的，可得到的 所以选A
27. 根据上下文，上文the greatest scientific discoveries最巨大的发现，下文redress thisinjustice抵偿了这种不公，而且空前sadly，估测可知是减号颜色词无视，所以选J overlooked
28. 根据下文where women play an important part女人起很重要的作用，可知空格是褒义词而且词性为adv., 所以选Othankfully
29. and表并排前后两个词词性相同，功用共同，所以找advancing近义词，所以选K promoting
30. 润饰increase添加的程度，下文第二句more than half of跨越一半，以及第三句The government istaking further steps to improve women’srepresentation政府进一步采纳办法推进女人的体现，可知空格是添加程度较大，选E considerable
31. 查询固定分配，女人 跨越一半，后边是比例，所所以占有account for，选B accounted
32. 本题需要填一个名词作主语，根据分配联络，关于女人来说她们越往上爬通往成功的啥会变得更难，已然往上爬需要的就是阶梯，所以选Gladder
33.根据上一句尽管女人在咱们大学的本科生中占大大都，但在学术人员中，只需不到一半是女人。阐明学术人员中女人少不到一半，本句only，只是四分之一更少，阐明大约是更高档的当地，所以选Lsenior
34. 本段首要说在性别上的薪酬差异，上句??016- 2021年，全作业薪酬中位数的性别薪酬间隔为13.7%，后边得出结论是结论性的言语，所以选Nsuggesting
35. 本句得出结论，标明要保证女人提升到更高级级的职位并获得啥样的薪酬，还有很长的路要走，副词润饰动词pay,而且and表并排，更高的职位那么大约有对应的适合的薪酬，所以选D appropriately
【考后重视】
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