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第十四章 并列句、强调句及其它句式
一、并列句与强调句讲前练：语法填空
I was about to go out in a cold winter evening[1]________my roommate fell off her bed [2]_______got seriously injured. I rushed her to Westchester Medical Center, where she stayed unconscious for quite a while. Finally she was awake. A friend [3]______ I decided to visit her,[4]_____we bought some flowers and were on our way. After quickly parking the car and signing in, we reached her room,[5]______only a few minutes were allowed with her.Pretty soon after our arrival,we were asked to leave by the nurses. We headed out to the car.Little didwe know that we had to pay for parking. We had no money aside from a spare dollar [6]______two left from our lunch money that day. Neither she [7]________I knew what to do.
A very sweet-hearted woman cleared her throat,saying “Excuse me” in order to catch my attention. She handed me a $20 bill. I insisted that she should give me her name and address [8]______ I will certainly pay her back. She refused. I thanked her for her generosity[9]_______ told him how much it was appreciated.She turned to me[10] _________ replied with one sentence, “Thank you; It is being able to help you [11]_________makes me happy too.”
Key:1.when 2.and 3.and 4.so 5.but 6.or 7.nor 8.and 9.and 10.and 11.that
二、并列句与强调句考点精讲：
并列句与强调句考点1、常用的并列连词
and（和），as well as（既……又），both …and（不但…而且），not only …but also（不但……而且），not … but（不是……而是），neither … nor（既不……也不），either … or（不是……就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）；连接副词有：still, yet, however, therefore, then等。例如：
考点对点练1、在空格处填上适当的连词
1.The same goes for natural fibers; the quality counts, of course,it is less important if you throw away clothes within a few months from time of purchase. The most important thing is to make them last.
Key: but【解析】考查并列连词。句意：对于天然的纤维制品也是如此，质量很重要。但是如果买了几个月就扔掉的话，质量就没那么重要。分析句子可知，前一句强调品质的重要性，后一句阐述某些条件下，质量就变得没那么重要，前后句属于转折关系，故用but。
2.You're well prepared for the job interview,__________there's no need for you to get so nervous.
Key: so 【解析】考查并列句，句意“你为工作面试做了充分的准备，因此你没有必要变得如此紧张”
3.The worst part was that the cute boy stopped to watch all happen. What an embarrassing ___________ dangerous day!
Key: so 【解析】句意：多么尴尬又危险的一天啊！根据句意可知，此处是并列关系。故填and。
4. Not only did reading enrich her knowledge but__________ improved her learning scores.
Key: also【解析】考查并列句“not only......but also......”，句意“阅读不仅丰富了她的知识，而且提高了她的学习成绩（分数）”
5.School in the cities are well equipped, ________ those in the countryside are poor.
Key: while【解析】句意：城市的学校设备齐全，而农村的学校则很穷。由句意可知，前后两句表对比，用并列连词while（然而、但）。
6.I was about to go out ___________________ Tom came to visit me.
Key: when【解析】句意：“我正要出去这时Tom来看我了”。考查句式“be about to do ......when......正要做某事这时突然......”,根据句意和句式可知填when.
并列句与强调句考点2、并列句的句型
1、祈使句，and + 陈述句
EG:Work harder, and you will make greater progress. 更加努力学习，你就会取得更大的进步。
2、名词（词组），and + 陈述句
EG:One more effort, and you will succeed.在努力一把，你就会成功。
3、祈使句，or/or else/otherwise + 陈述句
EG:Hurry up, or you will be late.赶紧，不然你就赶不上火车了。
考点对点练2、在空格处填上适当的连词
1.Find more chances to praise your children often,__________you'll find they are willing to communicate with you.
Key: and 【解析】考查“祈使句+and....”句式，句意“找到更多机会经常去表扬的你的孩子们，你就会发现他们愿意和你交流”。前后句之间是顺承关系，故用and.
2.Follow your doctor’s advice, ________ your cough will get worse.
Key: or/otherwise【解析】句意：“听从医生的建议，否则你的咳嗽会更厉害”。本题是祈使句+and/or+简单句结构，前后句是转折关系用or。
3.A bit more effort, _____________you will make much more progress.
Key: and【解析】考查“名词（词组），and + 陈述句“”，句意“再多点努力，你就会取得更大的进步”。
并列句与强调句考点3、强调句型
1、It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。
EG: It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
EG:Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
EG:When and where was it that you were born?
注意：强调句型的判断：去掉It is/was与that看句子是否仍然完整。
2、not … until …句型的强调句：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分EG：普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
3、谓语动词的强调：要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did+动词原形.
EG：Do sit down. 务必请坐。
EG：He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
EG：Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊!
考点对点练3、在空格处填上适当的词
1.It was in a remote countryside where they used to live _______ my parents met each other and got married.
Key: that 【解析】句意：我父母是在他们过去生活的遥远山村里结婚的。注意where引导的是定语从句，先行词是a remote countryside，在从句中作地点状语；空格处是强调句型It is … that…，强调地点状语in a remote countryside，故用that。
2.At that special moment I knew the truth: _______is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.
Key: it【解析】句意：在那个时刻我理解了真相：只有用爱来培育我们的心灵，我们才能找到幸福。此处考查强调句，即it is +强调部分+that…，故填it。
3.Was it in this room _____ he made the decision that he would break away from his family?
Key: that 【解析】句意：就是在这个房间里，他做出了与家人分离的决定吗? 空格处是强调句式：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)......。强调地点状语in this room，填that；名词decision“决定”后面的that从句是同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整。
4.John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard workhas made him what he is today.
Key: that 【解析】句意：他的成功与运气没有关系，是多年的努力造就了他的今天。强调句型的基本结构为：It is+被强调部分+that+其余部分。判断是否为强调句型的方法为：去掉it is和that之后剩余部分正好构成完整的句子即为强调句型。该句强调主语：years of hard work；故填that。
5.In his speech, he said that it was his primary school teachers that he was fond of ________ influenced his whole life.
Key: who/that 【解析】句意为：在演讲中，他说是他喜欢的小学老师影响了他的一生。分析句子结构可知，句中采用的是强调句式，其中被强调的部分是“his primary school teachers that he was fond of”，指人，故填who或that。
6.Do ____________(let)your mother know all the truth She appears to have been told everything.
Key:let【解析】句意为“一定要告诉你母亲真相，她似乎已经知道了一切”，前一句是强调句“do/ does或did+动词原形”，do后面要用动词原形，故填“let”。
7.It was not ________ a Saturday afternoon in May that Margaret could arrange for me to meet her elder sister.
Key:until【解析】句意为“只到5月的一个星期六的下午，Margaret 才能安排我和她姐姐见面”。本题考查not … until …的强调句，构成It is / was not until + 从句+ that +主句结构，故填until。
并列句与强调句考点4、其它句式（there be..., 感叹句等）
1、there be句型:
1）、变式句式：there used to be....; there remains to be....; there lives/stands/exists/lies...;
there seems/appears to be.....(似乎有...)
2）、there be句型中的主谓一致：就近原则
改错：There are a hat and two pairs of socks in the box. Key:are--is
3）、改错：There used to have a tall tree in front of my house. Key:have--be
2、 感叹句常见考查形式
1）.What+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+...........。
EG:The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. What a dangerous
scene it was!(2007上海）
2).What+adj+不可数名词+..........！ EG:What fine weather it is!
3).What+adj+可数名词复数+.........！ EG: What beautiful flowers they are!
4).How+adj+a/an+可数名词单数+.......！EG: How clever a boy he is!
5).How+adj/adv+主语+谓语+........！ EG：How delicious these cakes are!
考点对点练4、用what,how填空(需要的地方可以加上冠词)
1)._____________difficult homework we had yesterday!
2).________cute dog it is!
3).________ interesting the story is!
4).________ bad the weather in England is!
5)._______ honest boy Tom is ！
6)._______ tasty smell the cake gave off!
7)._______ good time we had on the beach yesterday!
三、并列句与强调句应考技巧：
1、在语法填空题中，一要注意并列句之间的逻辑关系，二要善于判断强调句型。
2、在语法改错题中，重点关注连接词的误用和主谓一致性。
3、准确判断句型结构
四、并列句与强调句考点精练
(一)并列句与强调句单句语法填空
1.【2021·全国甲卷·语法填空】My bike was old and shaky 7 did the job.
Key: but【解析】考查并列连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又晃，但是能用。所以是转折的关系，故填but。
2.【2021·新高考I卷·语法填空】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
Key:and 【解析】考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，两个谓语动词highlights和offers之间缺少连接词进行连接；同时，两个动作间为并列关系，所以应填并列连词。故填and。
3.【2021·浙江卷·语法填空】Although Mary loved flowers, ___7___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
Key: neither【解析】考查并列连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
4.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】 They kept their collection at home until it got too big37until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
Key: or 【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意“他们把收藏品保存在
家中直到收藏数量过大或者直到他们去世”可知填入表示选择关系的并列连词or。
5.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】I work not because I have to,67.because I want to.”
Key: but 【解析】考查并列连词。分析句子结构并根据句意“我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作”可知使用了固定搭配“not...but...不是……而是……”。
6. is no doubt that human activities, which do great harm to the environment, are the main cause.
Key:There【解析】句意:毫无疑问,对环境非常有危害的人类活动是主要原因。There is no doubt that...为固定句型,意为“毫无疑问……”。
7.It wasn’t until in high school I began to trust other people again.
Key:that【解析】句意: 直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查 “It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分” 句型,所以填that。
8.【2018·天津单选改编】 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
Key: that【解析】【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。
9.【2018·北京单选改编】In any unsafe situation, simply _________（press）the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
Key: press【解析】考查“祈使句+and 主语+谓语”句式。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子。只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，故填press。
10.【2017·天津卷单选改编】It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
Key: that 【解析】试题分析：句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故填that。
11.【2016·全国卷III】In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Key:and
12.【2016·上海卷】But like so many other things, it is only too much stress_____ does you harm. Key:that
13.【2014·全国卷I】But the river wasn't changed in a few dayseven a few months. It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water. Key:or
14.【2014·全国卷II】There were many people waiting at the bus stop,some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. Key:and
15.(2016·全国I卷改编)It could be anything, but whatever it is，(make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. Key:make
16.seems to be an intense competition among students to enter a key university. Key:There
17.It is only when you nearly lose someoneyou become fully aware of how much you value him. Key:that
18.The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party, northey allow themselves to be disobeyed. Key: did
19.【2017·天津卷改编】It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors. Key: that
20.【2015·湖南卷改编】Always ________（keep） in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. Key:keep
21.【2015·天津卷】 Only when Lily walked into the office ______ she realize that she had left the contract at home. Key:did
22.【2014·天津卷】 Give me a chance, ________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.Key:and
(二)并列句与强调句单句改错
1.【2021·成都三诊·短文改错】He was very grateful but thanked me again and again.
Key:but→and【解析】考查并列连词。句意：他非常感激，一次又一次地感谢我。“He was very grateful”和“thanked me again and again”构成并列关系，所以应用and。故将but改为and。
2.【2021·东北三校二模·短文改错】On the day of the election, I had to give a speech in front of the entire grade but I talked about why I would make a good president.
Key:but →and【解析】句意：在选举那天，我要在全班面前发表演讲，谈论我为什么会成为一个好的学年主席。根据句意，前后为并列关系。故but改成and。
3.【2021·齐齐哈尔市三模·短文改错】When I feel down, but she never leaves me alone.
Key:删除but【解析】句意：当我沮丧的时候，她从不离开我。此处是when引导的时间状语从句，不能再用并列连词，故将but删除。注意：两个用逗号隔开的句子只能用一个连词连接。
4.【2021?兰州市三诊?短文改错】I am out-going and want to make more friends, because I joined some clubs.
Key:because→so 【解析】句意：我是外向的，想多交些朋友，因此我加入了一些俱乐部。前后是因果关系，前因后果，故将because改为so。
5.【2020·全国卷I】First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
Key: but→and【解析】考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。
6.【2020·全国卷II】Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
Key: for→but/yet【解析】考查连词。句意：但我早就不练习了。分析句子，此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but / yet。
7.【2020·全国卷III】 In order to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
Key: 去掉and【解析】考查简单句。句意同上。这是一个简单句，前面in order to…作目的状语，不用连词and，所以去掉and。
8.【2019·全国卷I】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
Key: but →and 【解析】考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
9. When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.
Key: or→and 【解析】考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。“重新考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。
10.At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.
Key: but→and 【解析】考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。
11.—English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?
—Yes, learning more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.key:learning--learn
12.Going straight on and you'll see a church. You won't miss it. Going--Go
13.【2015·全国卷I】In the countryside the air is clean or the mountains are green. or--and
14.What wonderful time we had this afternoon and how exciting the match was! Key:what后加a
15.【2017·全国卷I】Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. Key:so--but/yet
16. [【2017·全国卷III】I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. Key:and--but
17.【2016·全国卷I】Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .key:去掉but
18.【2016·全国卷I】Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. Key:or--and
19.【2016·全国卷II】The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. Key:how--what
20.【2016·全国卷II】If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. Key:but--and
21.【2016·四川】Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the housework.key:so--but
22.【2016·四川】Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. Key:or--and
23.【2015·四川】I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? Key:so--but How--what
24.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision.
Key: They改为There【解析】考查there be句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。故将They改为There。
25.In that way, English Daily do help make a difference.
Key: do→does【解析】此处为强调句型强调动词,由于时态是一般现在时,主语是单数第三人称,所以把do改为does。
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