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Hello, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
Asking questions and giving answers are the basics of great conversation, in English and in any language!
大家好，我是Emma，欢迎大家来到Emma的美味英语！
问问题和回答是对话必须的基本要素，不管是在英语还是在其他任何语言当中！
But, are you doing it correctly in English?
Many of my students can get by, they can get their message across even without the correct structure word order or intonation.
但是，你用英语说的是对的吗？
我的很多学生可以设法避开这个问题，他们甚至可以不使用正确的结构、单词顺序和语调就可以传递他们想要表达的信息。
But, it makes for a very bumpy awkward conversation!
In this lesson, I want to help you improve the structure of your questions, so that they flow smoothly, clearly, and automatically!
但是，这会让对话变得非常的尴尬！
在本节课程中，我想要帮助大家改善问题的结构，这样它们就会听起来更加流畅、清晰和自然。
And finally you can start enjoying English conversations!
It's important to spend some time improving your Q&A skills!
最后你就会开始享受英文对话啦！
花点时间提升自己的问问题和回答问题的技能是非常重要的。
Have you heard that before? Q&A? It stands for question and answers.
你之前听说过吗？问答？它的意思是问题和答案。
You might have heard it somewhere before, Q&A.
First up, let's review question structure in English.
你可能之前听到过这个表达，问答。
首先，让我们回复一下英文问题的结构吧。
Now, the good news is that English questions are fairly consistent and easy to follow because they have a clear structure.
There are four main parts that you need to keep in mind.
好的，好消息是英语问题都比较一致，也很容易模仿，因为它们的结构比较清晰。
有四点你需要牢记在心。
The first part: question words.
Then number two is your auxiliary verb or your helping verb: be, do or 
have.
第一部分是：疑问词。
第二个是你的助动词，be，do和have。
It can also be a modal auxiliary verb like can or will or should.
Thirdly, you need your subject.
也可以是像can，will或者should这种情态动词。
第三呢，你需要主语。
I, you, we, etc.
And your main verb, any verb!
我啊，你啊，我们啊等等。
然后就是你的主动词啦，任何动词都可以！
These are the four things that you need and you need them in that order, every time!
Okay, let's try with some examples, ready?
这是你所需要的四个元素，而你需要按顺序使用它们，每次都是这样哦！
好的，让我来用例子来试一下，准备好了吗？
Where do you live?
Question word, auxiliary, subject, main verb!
你住在哪里？
疑问词、助动词、主语和主动词！
What do you like about it?
Question word, auxiliary, subject, main verb!
你觉得这怎么样啊？
疑问词，助动词，主语，主动词！
How long have you been living there?
Question phrase, auxiliary verb, subject, main verb!
你住在这里多久了？
疑问短语，助动词，主语，主动词！
Okay, so what about this type of question?
Do you live in England?
好的，那这种类型的问题呢？你住在英国吗？
In this question, we don't have a question word but we do have all of the other parts of the English question structure.
We don't have the question word but we do have the auxiliary verb (do), the subject (you) and the main verb (live).
在这个问题里，是没有疑问词的，但是英语问题结构的其他的部分都是有的。
虽然没有疑问词，但是我们有助动词do，主语you和主动词live。
It's as simple as that, every time!
This type of question is perfectly acceptable too.
就是这么简单，每次都是这样！
这种类型的问题也是完全可以接受的呢。
You don't need to have a question word.
There are two types of questions in English, closed questions, the questions which start with an auxiliary verb and open questions, questions which start with a question word or a question phrase.
不需要一定要有一个疑问词。
英文中有两种类型的问题，封闭式问题，也就是以助动词开头的问题，以及开放式问题，也就是以疑问词或者疑问短语开头的问题。
Keep that in mind for a few minutes.
Questions that start with an 
auxiliary verb or a helping verb are closed questions because they require just a simple answer, yes or no.
先记住这个哦。
以助动词开头的问题是封闭式问题，因为它们的答案非常简单，是，或者否。
The detail is not really important. Do you like the soup?
细节不是特别重要。你喜欢汤吗？
No, I don't. Can you help me for a minute?
不，我不喜欢。你能帮我一下下嘛？
Yeah, I can. Have you been to Italy?
是的，当然可以啦。你去过意大利吗？
No, I haven't. Are you enjoying the movie?
不，我没去过。你喜欢这部电影吗？
Yeah, I am. Another good tip here is the connection between the question and the answer.
是的，我很喜欢呢。另一个很棒的技巧就是问题和答案之间的衔接。
See how the answer directly responds to the information in the question. Are you?
看一下答案是如何直接和问题中的信息挂钩的。是吗？
Yeah, I am. No, I'm not.
是的呢。不，我不是。
Have you? No, I haven't.
你做过吗？我，我没有。
Yeah, I have.
There are lots of patterns in English questions, so if you start paying attention to the detail, you'll really be able to improve your grammar.
是的，我做过。
英文问题有很多模式，所以如果你开始关注细节的话，你的语法肯定可以提高。
Questions that start with a question word are open questions and they're questions that require more information in the answer.
Not just 'Have you been to Italy? '
以疑问词开头的问题是开放性问题，这些问题需要回答中给出更多的信息。
不只是“你去过意大利吗？”
But, 'When did you go? '
I went last year!
而是“你什么时候去的？”
我去年去的。
How long did you stay there?
I stayed there for 3 months.
你在那里呆了多久？
我在那里呆了三个月。
Why did you go there? I went to study and learn Italian!
你为什么去那里啊？我去学习意大利语！
A good rule of thumb is that closed questions are great for confirming information about people. Do you live there?
一个很好的经验就是封闭式问题比较适合用来确认信息。你住在那里吗？
Once you confirm the answer then you can use open questions to learn more about them, their experiences, their opinions, their recommendations.
How long does it take to drive there?
一旦你确定了答案，就可以使用开放式问题来了解关于他们更多的信息，他们的经历，他们的观点，以及他们的建议。
开车去那里要多久啊？
What's the best restaurant to try?
What's the weather like at this time of year?
一定要尝试的餐馆是哪一家啊？
每年的这个时候天气是什么样的啊？
What's the best thing about living there?
Again, let me show you that the question structure always stays the same, question word, auxiliary verb, subject, main verb.
住在那里最棒的是什么啊？
让我再给大家展示一下问题的结构一直是相同的吧，疑问词、助动词、主语和主动词。
So, the most obvious difference between open and closed questions is the question word.
But there is another noticeable difference and that's intonation.
所以呢，开放性和封闭性问题的最明显差别就是疑问词。
但是还有一个很明显的差别，那就是语调。
Intonation is the way that your voice rises and falls when we speak.
The intonation of your question depends on the type of question that it is.
语调是当我们说话的时候，你的声音上升和下降的方式。
你的问题语调取决于你的问题类型。
For closed questions, so questions with auxiliary verbs, your intonation goes up at the end.
Do you like them?
那么封闭性问题呢，这些问题是以助动词开头的，在问题结束的时候要用升调。
你喜欢他们吗？
Are you hungry? Open questions that require more information in the answers usually go down in intonation.
你饿了吗？需要在答案中提供更多信息的开放性问题在结束的时候通常都是降调。
Why do you like them? What do you want to eat?
你为什么喜欢他们？你想吃什么？
An important thing to think about all the time, but especially when you're trying to use questions correctly, is making sure that your subject and your auxiliary verb match.
When you're using an auxiliary verb in English questions, and in regular sentences too, your main verb stays in the infinitive form and your auxiliary verb needs to change, depending on the subject and also the tense.
大家一直都要考虑的一件事情，尤其是当你想要正确地问问题的话，那就是确保你的主语和主动词的搭配是正确的。
当你在英文问题中使用助动词的时候，当然在一般的句子里面也是这样，你的主动词是不定式，而助动词需要根据主语和时态进行相应的变化。
For example: Do you live in London?
比如说：你住在伦敦吗？
The auxiliary verb matches the subject.
If our subject changes to 'he' then we need to change our auxiliary verb to match it.
助动词和主语是搭配的。
如果你的主语变成了“他”的话，我们就需要改变助动词来与其搭配。
Does he live in London? Have they tried it?
他住在伦敦吗？他们尝试过吗？
Has she tried it? Where was he living before?
他试过吗？他之前住在哪里呢？
Where were they living before?
So, the relationship between the auxiliary verb and the subject is one that you need to pay close attention to.
他们之前住在哪里呢？
所以呢，大家一定要非常注意助动词和主语之间的关系。
Now, I want to warn you, in real conversation things get loose, fast, and sometimes grammatically incorrect.
Most native English speakers can be a bit cheeky and a bit lazy at times, especially when they're speaking!
好的，我想要告诉大家的是，在真实的对话当中，情况就比较宽松，大家就说的很快，有时候语法会出现错误。
大多数英语母语者有时候可能会有点懒惰，尤其是他们在说话的时候！
So, you need to listen for key pieces of information plus intonation and try to just go with the flow.
One very common example of this is with closed questions, ones that start with an auxiliary verb, they can be shortened!
所以，你需要注意听关键信息，还有语调，顺其自然就行了。
一个非常常见的例子是以助动词开头的封闭性问题，它们一般就会被截短！
So, the question 'Do you want to get something to eat? ' can become 'Want to get something to eat?
The intonation is important here so that you know that it's a question.
所以，“你想吃点东西吗？”有时候会变成“想吃点东西吗？”
语调在这里非常重要，这样你才能知道这是个问题。
The intonation goes up because it's a closed question. Want to get something to eat?
因为是个封闭式问题，所以语调是升调。想吃点东西吗？
Okay, well, be sure to download my cheat sheet and audio guide to help you practice using questions correctly.
You can get it right here.
好的， 记得一定要下载我的“小抄”还有音频指导，帮助大家练习正确地问问题。就在这里。
So, there was a lot to take in that lesson and I'll definitely link to some other video lessons that I've made that will help you practice auxiliary verbs, subject verb agreement and question intonation.
Right here, here and maybe I'll put one here too!
所以呢，那节课程中有很多内容，我也会放上其他视频课程的链接，这些课程会帮助大家练习助动词、主语动词的一致还有问题语调。
就在这里，我可能也会在这里放一个！
Be sure to subscribe to my channel by clicking the red button, just over there! And I release new lessons and worksheets every week.
一定点击红色按钮要订阅我的频道，就在那里！我每周都会发布新课程还有练习题。
So, I hope to see you in the next lesson!
Bye for now!
所以呢，我希望在下节课程中见到大家！
