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托福口语中关于许多方面都提出了需求，其间一些好的托福口语技巧能协助考生拿到抱负的分数，这关乎到托福口语评分标准中关于流通性的阐明，下面就来介绍一下如何让口语显得更为联接。
1. 运用总分总的规划
Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what yousay in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell thelisteners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points youwant to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:
Introductory statement
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Concluding statement
An example of this pattern is shown below:
Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.
1. way of obtaining specimens
2. spares can be released into the wild
3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from naturalpredators
The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit tothe species.
2. 运用联接词
Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listenersthe relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener thatyou are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make acomparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Usingtransition words and phrases helps your
listener follow the flow of your ideas.Read the following example without transitional expressions:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarifyscientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing thoseexperiments.
These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitionalexpressions as in the following example:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarifyscientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.
3. 说明或界说陌生概念
In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a termthat you use in your response. Read the following example:
My hobby is telemark skiing.
If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know whattelemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimeslisteners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, butsometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemarkskiing:
That means skiing using telemark skis.
Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may notunderstand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the sameword. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:
1. State the word or phrase to be defined.
2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.
3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the samecategory.
Read this example of an effective definition:
Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to theskis only at
the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.
4. 正确运用平行规划
Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you useparallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:
My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students.
The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed differentgrammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting andmotivating assignments to the students'? In this sentence, interesting andmotivating are parallel adjectives. Or does the speaker mean My teacher gaveinteresting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave andmotivated are parallel verbs.
5. 对要害词进行替换或同义变换
When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can getconfused. Read the following example:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was onthe chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done theassignment.
This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replacedwith other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can beimproved:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the boardafter we had all completed the task.
The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she;and the word chalkboard with board.
6. 时态、人称和数量的共同
Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at thefollowing example:
My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groupsand gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turnand then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.
The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to thepresent tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listenermight also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags tothe singular forms object and bag.
The listener could follow this speaker's ideas better if the speaker wereconsistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:
One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group abag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the othermembers of the group a story involving that object.
上面的几个托福口语技巧能让考生的托福口语显得更为联接，这在托福口语评分中占了很大一有些的，期望我们能多多学习一下。
