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打卡领奖 | 《经济学人》读译参阅 Day1591
打卡领奖 | 《经济学人》读译参阅 Day1592
TEXT 1593
饥饿游戏
01
More than a score of Australian mammals have been exterminated by feral cats.These predators, which arrived with European settlers, still threaten native wildlife—and are too abundant on the mainland to eliminate, as has been achieved on some small islands which were previously infested with them.But Alexandra Ross of the University of New South Wales thinks she has come up with a different way to deal with the problem.As she writes in a paper in the Journal of Applied Ecology,she is giving feline-awareness lessons to wild animals involved in reintroduction programmes, in order to try to make them cat-savvy.Many Australian mammals, though 
not actually extinct, are confined to fragments of cat-free habitat.That offers the possibility of taking colonists from these refuges to places where a species once existed but is no more.This will, however, put the enforced migrants back in the sights of the cats that caused the problem in the first place.
二十多种澳大利亚哺乳动物现已被野猫灭绝了。这些和欧洲殖民者一同到来的捕食者仍然挟制着当地的野生动物—且数量巨大难以消除，之前一些小岛野猫繁衍，如今已被灭绝。可是南威尔士大学的亚历山德拉·罗丝认为她有一种处置这个疑问的不一样办法。正如她宣告在《Journal of Applied Ecology》上的一篇论文所写，她正在给从头引入项目中的野生动物进行‘留心猫科动物’的培训，为的是让它们了解猫科动物。许多澳大利亚哺乳动物，尽管并没有灭绝，却被捆绑在没有猫的歇息地内。这为将流亡所的殖民者带到一个物种灭绝之地供给了可以性。但这将迫使这些移民者回到猫科动物的视界中，这是疑问发生的本源。
02
Training the migrants while they are in captivity,using stuffed models and the sorts of sounds made by cats, has proved expensive and ineffective.Ms Ross therefore wondered whether putting them in large naturalistic enclosures with a scattering of predators might serve as a form of boot camp to prepare them for introduction into their new, cat-ridden homes.She tested this idea on greater bilbies, a type of bandicoot that superficially resembles a rabbit.She and her colleagues raised a couple of hundred bilbies in a huge enclosure that also contained five feral cats.As a control, she raised a nearly identical population in a similar enclosure without the cats.She left the animals to get on with life for two years,which, given that bilbies breed four times a year and live for around eight years, was a substantial period for them.After some predation and presumably some learning she abstracted 21 bilbies from each enclosure,fitted radio transmitters to them and released them into a third enclosure that had ten hungry cats in it.She then monitored what happened next. The upshot was that the training worked.
译文
实际证明，使用猫的填充模型和各种猫叫声练习这些被圈养移民的办法即名贵又无效。因而，罗丝女士想晓得将它们和少量的捕食者放在大型天然围栏里是不是可以作为新兵练习营的一种方法，让它们做好预备，进入它们被猫占据的新家。她在大兔耳袋狸身上查验了这种主意，这是一种看起来像兔子的袋狸。她和她的火伴在一个无量的围场里养殖了几百只兔耳袋狸，里边还有五只
野猫。作为对照，她在一个类似的围场里养殖了几乎相同数量的兔耳袋狸，但里边没有野猫。她让这些动物单独日子了两年，鉴于兔耳袋狸每年繁衍四次，寿数约为8年，这对它们来说是恰当长的一段时刻。在进行了一些捕食和学习后，她从每个围场中抽取了21只兔耳袋狸，给它们设备无线电发射机，并将它们放进了第三个围场，其间有十只饥饿的野猫。然后她进行了调查。成果，培训起作用了。
03
Over the subsequent 40 days, ten of the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but only four of the trained ones.One particular behavioural difference she noticed was that bilbies brought up in a predator-free environment were much more likely to sleep alone than were those brought up around cats. And when cats are around, sleeping alone is dangerous.How well bilbies that have undergone this extreme training will survive in the wild remains to be seen.But Ms Ross has at least provided reason for hope.
译文
在随后的40天里，十只未经培训的动物被猫吃掉了，而只需四只经过培训的猫被吃掉。她留心到了一个特另外行为差异—在没有捕食者环境中长大的兔耳袋狸与那些在猫的陪同下长大的袋狸比较，单独睡觉的可以性更大。当周围有猫时，单独入眠是很风险的。承受过这种极点练习的兔耳袋狸能否在户外生计还有待调查。但罗丝
女士至少给了咱们期望的理由。
