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亮点不管是走世界教育道路的学生，仍是参加高考的学生，从小到大都一向在学习英语。那么，咱们的高考英语，恰当于啥样的水平？下文将高考与托福考试进行了比照，从词汇量、才能等级、传闻读写方面进行了全部比照，发现两者的差异。最终，总结了“原版娃英语学习途径图”，以期助力学科学习、用英语看世界。
作者| 檩子 修改| may
来历| 小花生网（id:xiaohuasheng99）
比起高考语文，特别是高考作文，我们对高考英文的重视度，如同低不少。为啥，说来许多人不信赖。因为，对在走“原版道路”的孩子们，高考英语，真实算不上难啊～
听起来很“凡尔赛”，但这方面的真实比方，咱们每年都能看到不少。比方，迩来几年高考结束后，不少花友带着“玩一玩”的心态让自家孩子做做高考英语卷，成果“喜不自禁”，体系内里大学第一流级英语考试，不少10岁上下的“原版娃”，就能自若唐塞！
这么小的孩子，真的可以如此轻松hold住英语么？是孩子太牛，仍是考试太简略？
答复这个疑问前，先问我们一个疑问：
你认为一个大学结业生，学了12+年英语，英语抵达了啥水平？
怎么衡量，一个可以参阅的标准是我们了解的托福考试。
我们晓得，孩子要去美国读书，必需要参阅托福考试，这个考试首要测一个英语非母语的大学结业生能否在美国的大学用英语听懂、读懂、表达、交流学术内容。
啥意思？就是可以顺畅用英语学习常识，世界前沿常识。
咱们会想，不管去不去留学，这就是孩子们辛辛苦苦学了12+年英语，要抵达的根柢方针啊！
假定这是一个令人神往的方针，那么高考英语，大约处于啥水准？咱们这就来看看。
首要，词汇量
学英语、英语考试，我们第一想到的就是词汇量这个“硬性方针”。高考英语vs托福，词汇量相差多少？
高考英语的数据好找，在《一般大学英语课程标准》词汇表的阐明里就有。
3500个！这就是高考试题的词汇规模。
规则很清楚，包括大学、大学、大学三个期间，一共是3000个单词，另外主张酌情添加200个单词。思考到这3000词中根柢不含派生词，所以再加上常用派生词，抵达3500词就满足了。
2021年版大学英语课程标准词汇量
也就是说，想要在高考英语里考到140+分以上，甚至接近满分150分，大约掌控的词汇量标准大约是3500词。（作为参阅，研讨生入学考试英语考试大纲需求的词汇量是5500个；而专门为英语专业学生而设的英语等级考试专8需求的词汇是8000个支配…）
托福是一个学术英语言语查验，首要查询在学术言语使命环境下的真实学术言语才能；简略来说，就是查询学生是不是可以听懂大学里用全英语教学的课程。
托福考试满分是120分，一般来说，90分以上就现已不错了，100分以上可以去美国名校了，110分以上现已抵达了全世界大都学校的标准。
没有官方的词汇表，不过一般都认为词汇量需求在8000-10000支配，是高考英语词汇量的2-3倍。
经研讨，词汇量和托福考试成果之间有“强有关”联络，大约是这样：
词汇量为9000的考生，托福考试成果大多会集在90-100分；
词汇量为8000-7000的考生，成果大多会集在80-90分；
词汇量为6000的考生，成果大多会集在70-80 分之间；
词汇量为5000及以下的考生，成果大多会集在60-70分。
以高考词汇量作为标准，一个高考英语考到140分的学生（3500词汇量），参加托福考试能得多少分呢？
大约低于60-70分，那么究竟是几分呢？这个，只是看词汇量，就不可了。
参照才能等级去pk
还好，有可靠的官方材料。
2021年，教育部和国家言语文字作业委员会发布了《我国英语才能等级量表》，将英语才能从低到高区别为基础、前进和熟练，共三个期间、九个等级。
根据这个标准，国内的学生在大学结业时，抵达了第4等级，即：
能了解一般交际场合中常见论题的言语材料，捉住主题和首要内容，掌控首要实际与观念，理解别人的意图和情绪。
能在了解的场合就了解的论题进行交流，叙说作业打开、描绘事物情况，介绍有关活动，阐明事物要害，简略论说自个观念等，表达较为精确、清楚、联接。
也就是能根柢了解别人在说啥，能对话，能表达自个的主意。
好几种世界考试都和咱这才能气表做过对接。才能四级，恰当于欧标a2-b1级（有英语基础了，中级起步），和剑桥pet考试水平差不多，也是托福、雅思考试的下限。
还有更精确的对照。托福的举办方ets标明，我国英语才能等级量表的4级到8级别离对应托福考试总成果的37分到101分。
也就是说，咱们的高考英语满分150分，恰当于托福考试40分支配！
参照托福考试的百分位，40分对应的百分位只需3（也就是说，97%的人考的比你好！）
换句?担俣ㄍ懈？剂?0分，只是跨越了全球3%的考生。看来，一路跟着校内英语学了12年后，咱们大有些孩子的英语才能还只是处于起步水平。
传闻读写，全部比照
说到英语才能，一般说的是听力、阅览、口语、写作四个方面的归纳才能。
高考英语不太偏重对口语、听力的查询。
比方，口语考试是要另行组织时刻进行的，一般是报考外语专业的学生参加，而且不计入总分，只用作“参阅”。
此外，有些省份不考听力；有的省份尽管考听力，且占比30分，但不计入总分，英语书面考试的120分会折组成150分。
从题量和分值上可以看出，要点查询的是阅览了解、语法和写作：
而托福考试是传闻读写齐头并进的。
托福考试满分120分，由四有些构成，别离是阅览、听力、口语和写作。尽管题量和考试时长不尽相同，可是每有些的满分都是30分。也就是说，从分数比重上来说，四方面才能是平等重要的。
2021年托福考试变革前后的题量和时长比照
看看实践在考些啥吧，感触会更具体。下面是一些有代表性的真题，按传闻读写的次序，咱们一同看看同是大学结业生参加的考试，两者难度相差究竟有多大。
1、听力难度差异
首要，看看高考英语的听力题。
这是本年全国乙卷的听力题。考卷里有10段音频。其间5段较短，查询的是往常对话，一问一答。
另外5段稍长的音频，听完一段材料后，要答复多个疑问（关于奥运会的）：
总时长近20分钟，语速较慢，每段对话或独白可以听两遍。
当然，仍是看听力文本更直观。这一篇来自早年上海高考卷，在国内大约算是难度高的。学生们听完这样的材料，然后再做题。
2021年上海高考英语
这段材料说的是英国一城市方案在将来十年内栽培100万课树的事儿，但叙事办法、言语，感触比照“我国化”。
a city in england has started an ambitious plan to plant as many as 1 million trees every year for the next decade. the project is called the city of trees. project director tony brown explained that the green venture has three main aims. he said, "one is to plant a tree for every man, woman, and child over the next decade. next, we are very much focused on bringing existing wood land into management because it doesn't make any sense to plant new wood land if you can't manage what you've got already."...
再来看看托福考试的听力题。
听力材料里也有对话（conversation），比方这段，给我们看看对应的文本：
在这段对话里，学生来找教授聊自个在课上没听懂的内容。整段对话天然、流通，和学校里随时会发生的真实对话相同，说话人会中止、语焉不详，还会有口误：
narrator：listen to a conversation between a student and a business professor.
professorso, richard … what’s up?
studentwell, i know we have a test coming up on chapters … uh …
professorchapters 3 and 4 from your textbook …
studentright … 3 and 4. well, i, uh … i didn’t get something you said in class monday.
professoralright, do you remember what it was about?
studentyeah, you were talking about a gym … a health club, where people can go to exercise … that kind of thing.
professorok. but the health-club model is actually from chapter 5, so …
这就是咱们常常说的要听懂“真实英语”（real life 
english）。比起传统教科书里有板有眼的对话，这种听力材料显着难多了。
还有一类听力材料是讲座（lecture），触及到大学里的各品种别，因而，不掌控满足的学术词汇是很哀痛关的！
比方，下面这个讲座片段就是来自一位地质学（geology）教授：
文本摆在这儿，读起来都困难，要在考场上边听边答复疑问，应战更大了。
last time we started to talk about glaciers and how these masses of ice form from crystallized snow. and some of you were amazed at how huge some of these glaciers are. now, even though it may be difficult to understand how a huge mass of ice can move—or flow, it’s another word for it—it’s really no secret that glaciers flow because of gravity. but how they flow, the way they flow needs some explaining. now, the first type of glacier flow is called basal slip....
两者比照，是不是感触听力难度，不在一个段位上？
2、口语难度差异
首要，看看高考英语的口语题。
第一有些，朗读文章，查询发音...
第二有些，根据听到的一句话，做出快速回答。
语句都比照简略，比方问好、抱愧等，简略的往常会话...
how are things with you?
i must apologize for my behavior yesterday....
第三有些，是要肄业生根据情境提出两个疑问。
比方
，兄弟聘请你一同去看演唱会，你有啥想问他的呢？
one of your friends asks you to go to a concert with him. ask him two questions about the concert....
也就是说，在整个口语考试里，咱们的学生只需开口说几句往常会话就可以了。
再来看看托福考试的口语题。
尽管不是和真人面临面临话，可是托福考试的口语题也是出了名的难。
比方，就一件作业问询你的观念，请说说看 “你认为爱冒险测验新事物好，仍是保存点躲避风险好呢”：
观念每自个都可以有，但考生需要给出具体的理由和例子，否则很难说服别人，比方你的教授...
预备时刻15秒，然后，你要说满45秒的时刻... 大约要说多少个字呢，这是一篇范文，感触一下：
i agree with the idea that children should be given homework on a daily basis.
first, homework helps children to remember their lessons for a much longer period of time. the only real way for young people to absorb a lesson is to actually go home and repeat it as much as possible. in the long run this leads to a lot more academic success.
secondly, working together on school assignments gives children and parents a great opportunity to bond. for example, i got a lot of daily homework when i was in elementary school. every evening i went home and worked on it with my mom and dad, and i asked them questions whenever i had trouble. as a result, we became really close.
125个字，一句话标明观念，然后是理由一、理由二...
范文照着读下来都要花些时刻，更况且是要口头说出来，没有平常许多的操练是很难做到的！
还有些标题需求考生先听一段对话，比方下面这段，一个男学生和一个女学生的对话：
然后，对这位男学生的观念和理由，进行总结阐明。
预备时刻30秒，60秒说完...
难怪都说口语考试是整个托福考试中最让考生头疼的一块，因为这不是会话，不是谈天，而是口头作文啊！
和高考英语的口语有些，不是一回事。
3、阅览难度差异
首要，看看高考英语的阅览题。
高考英语中，阅览才能查验是要点。一般来说，总分150分里，阅览了解占45分。
这些年，高考英语试卷里多篇阅览文章来自外刊，难度不低，不少文章的蓝思值甚至都跨越了1000l！
啥概念呢？咱来对照看看美国本乡学校各个大学学生大约抵达的蓝思值：
从中可以看出，蓝思值1000l大约是美国孩子7大学以上大约抵达的阅览水平，恰当于国内大学一大学。
比方，下面这篇关于race walking（竞走）的文章，蓝思值就在1200-1300l之间：
2021年高考英语全国 i 卷
通篇321个字，学术词汇不多，句型略微凌乱，但单句并不算长：
以上全文：
(上下滑动阅读)
race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. it does, however, have its own problem.
race walkers are conditioned athletes. the longest track and field event at the summer olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. but the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (触摸) with the ground at all times. it’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says jaclyn norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at salem state university in salem, mass.
like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, according to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
however, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, dr. norberg says. according to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
as a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. but the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. in fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. it takes some practice.
阅览难度尽管不低，但篇幅不长，学生只需答复4个疑问，包括期间意思、作者观念等：
再来看看托福考试的阅览题。
这一篇是一般长度，在电脑上也是鳞次栉比一大片，为了截屏，我得把字体调到很小才行：
全文685个字，介绍了墨西哥一座出名古城，专业词汇多到数不过来，一眼望曩昔都是希腊、罗马词根词缀，而且，根柢上没有短句，根柢装备都是几十个单词：
以上全文：
(上下滑动阅读)
the rise of teotihuacán
the city of teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day mexico city, began its growth by 200 –100 b.c. at its height, between about a.d. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. it had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of mesoamerica (modern central america and mexico).
how did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the teotihuacán valley? among the main factors are teotihuacán's geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the valley of mexico, the obsidian1 resources in the teotihuacán valley itself, and the valley's potential for extensive irrigation. the exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint — for instance, teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the valley of mexico toward the end of the first millennium b.c., the ingenuity and foresightedness of teotihuacán's elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium b.c.
this last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in teotihuacán's rise. prior to 200 b.c., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the valley of mexico. around this time, the largest of these centers, cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. with cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in central mexico. the archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that teotihuacán was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century a.d.
it seems likely that teotihuacán's natural resources—along with the city elite's ability to recognize their potential — gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. the valley, like many other places in mexican and guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. the hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 b.c.), and it apparently had a secure market. moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the olmecs originated near teotihuacán. teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.
long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of teotihuacán access to a wide variety of exotic goods, as well as a relatively prosperous life. such success may have attracted immigrants to teotihuacán. in addition, teotihuacán's elite may have consciously attempted to attract new inhabitants. it is also probable that as early as 200 b.c. teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet. finally, the growing population was probably fed by increasing the number and size of irrigated fields.
the picture of teotihuacán that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidian mining and working, trade, population growth, irrigation, and religious tourism. the thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. all this led to increased wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to teotihuacán. the growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force. more irrigation works would have to be built to feed the growing population, and this resulted in more power and wealth for the elite.
文章这么长，可以查询许多点，足足有10道题：
有些标题
言语常识点、细节、修辞、观念等等，总之，查询阅览了解的各个方面。
标题摘抄：
(上下滑动阅读)
in paragraph 1, each of the following is mentioned as a feature of the city of teotihuacán between a.d. 150 and 700 except:
the word "ingenuity" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
which of the following is not mentioned in paragraph 2 as a main factor in the development of teotihuacán?
what can be inferred from paragraph 3 about cuicuilco prior to 200 b.c.?
which of the following allowed teotihuacán to have "a competitive edge over its neighbors"?
according to paragraph 4, what has recent research on obsidian tools found at olmecsites shown?
select the two answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of teotihuacán that may have attracted immigrants to the city. to receive credit, you must select two answers.
in paragraph 6, the author discusses "the thriving obsidian operation," in order to:
有人对托福阅览考试做了蓝思值查验，发现绝大有些文章的蓝思值在1200l至1500l之间。
这么看来，从蓝思值来说，高考英语和托福文章的阅览难度间隔并不算很大。不过因为托福文章学术性更强、篇幅更长、标题更难，因而难度上仍是比高考高出许多。
4、写作难度差异
先来看看高考英语的写作题。
短文改错，标题需求是用中文写的，要批改的文章比高考英语阅览有些的文章简略许多：
2022年高考英语全国甲卷
书面表达，也就是写作题，要肄业生环绕一个主题，写出100字支配的短文：
2022年高考英语全国甲卷
这是一篇范文。学生只需用比照基础的单词和句型，把意思表达理解就可以了。
再来看看托福考试的写作题。
和托福口语考试类似，需求考生先看一篇文章，或是先听一段话，或许，就是根据一个疑问，来标明观念、罗列根据：
尽管是孩子们从大学就初步写的谈论文，但要在二三非常钟的时刻内，写出下面这样一篇三四百字、有理有据的学术性文章，应战仍是很大的：
可以看出，高考英语考的是根柢英语书面表达才能，而托福愈加偏重查询学术写作才能，究竟进入大学后学生需要结束林林总总的essays ...
大学结业前
如何抵达“抱负水平”？
做了这么多比照，如今可以答复文章最初的这个疑问了：大学都没结业的孩子，做英语高考题为何能轻松拿高分、甚至满分？是孩子太牛，仍是考试太简略？
7岁男孩昊昊全国i卷125分里得了101.5分，浙江卷110分里得了87分（不含作文）。花友@榴妈 的二大学女儿也用全国i卷自测，除作文外，得102分。
答案大约是，两个要素都有：对学的得法的孩子（声称“原版娃”，他们的英语学习功率与水平，和同龄孩子比较，遥遥抢先。）高考英语的确不难。
实际上，每个“原版娃”都是“英语牛娃”。这条道路上的成功事例，咱们现已共享过许多 …
总结他们的实践学习事例，可以总结出这样一张“原版娃英语学习途径图”。
简略来说，从4-5岁启蒙到英语完全过关 （传闻读写安适，交流表达无妨碍，词汇量过万，可以在全英语环境下学习），大约10年支配时刻，这比咱们当年花16年 （12年中大学+4年大学）学成“哑巴英语”要强太多！
关于这些孩子，大学结业前的英语水平，特别在听力、阅览上，是可以直接追平母语孩子的，托福考试不在话下，假定有留学方案，考sat， act等美国本乡大学考试，也会比照顺畅。
假定孩子在大学结业之际，可以获得这样的英语才能，或许能抵达根柢经过托福考试的水平，则不管留不留学，都会是一个比照抱负的境地。正如花友@youyou西木成林所说：
“到了这个水平缓大学，学英语现已不是咱们的首要方针了，如何用英语看向世界、助力学科学习，才是咱们这个期间的要点。”
的确，让孩子花这么多时刻学英语，意图不就是“和世界对接么？”
而只是在高考中拿个好成果，不可是不可用，也对不住这么多年的时刻付出啊～
是时分反思咱们的英语学习方针、学习方法了。
这篇文章转发自小花生网（微信号：xiaohuasheng99），一个专心共享国表里领先而有用教育本钱的微信大众号。
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