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本次英语语法专题我们学习“宾语从句”,具体内容如下:
在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
一、不同连接词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句的连接词主要有:that,if/whether,wh-类词。
1)that引导的宾语从句
That引导宾语从句时无词义,不作任何成分,口语中一般可以省略。
例句:I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.
我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
例句:He said (that) he could finish his design before supper.
他说他会在晚饭前完成设计。
2)if/whether引导的宾语从句
If/whether引导宾语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,但有具体的含义“是否”。If/whether不能省略。
例句:Nobody knows if/whetherhe likes Mary or not.
没人知道他是否喜欢玛丽。
例句:He hasn't decided if/whetherhe'll go abroad for further study.
他还没决定是否出国深造。
一般情况下,if/whether引导宾语从句时可以互换,但介词后不能用if引导宾语从句,另外不定式前一般不用if引导。
例句:I worry about whetherI hurt her feelings.
我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
例句:I am just wondering whether to helphim or let him do it by himself.
我正在考虑是帮他还是让他自己做。
3)wh-类词引导的宾语从句
Wh-类词包括连接代词who,whom,what,which,whoever,whichever等和连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。
例句:Miller urges job seekers to open their minds to other possibilities beyond whatthey are currently doing.
米勒敦促求职者开拓思路,去发现他们现在所做工作之外的可能性。
例句:The police asked me howthe accident happened.
警察问我事故是如何发生的。
例句:He didn't tell me whenhe would come back.
他没告诉我他什么时候再回来。
例句:Do you know whohas won the champion in the marathon this year ?
你知道今年的马拉松比赛谁拿了冠军吗?
例句:Could you please show me howyou use the new equipment ?
你能否给我展示一下你如何使用这台新设备?
例句:None of us knows wherethese new accessories can be bought.
我们没人知道这些新零件在哪里可以买到。
二、动词、介词、形容词后的宾语从句
1)动词后的宾语从句
① 大多数动词可以带宾语从句
例句:Like most people,I've long understood thatI will be judged by my occupation,that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am.
像大部分人一样,我早就明白人们会通过我从事的工作来判断我,人们通过从事的工作来判断我有多么聪明,多么智慧。
例句:He told me thathe would go to the college next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
② 有些“动词+副词”结构后可跟宾语从句
有些“动词+副词”结构如figure out,work out,find out,point out等后可跟宾语从句。
例句:Scientists point outthat the globe is getting warmer and warmer.
科学家指出地球正在逐渐变暖。
例句:Can you figure outwhat the poet really means in this poem ?
你能理解诗人在这首诗中真实用意吗?
③ 动词短语也可带宾语从句
例句:Make surethat all the lights are off before you go to bed.
睡觉前必须确认所有的等都关了。
例句:We should keep in mindthat success will mainly depend on our own hard work.
我们应该牢记,成功主要依靠我们自己的努力工作。
注意!动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。
例句:I think itnecessary that we take regular exercise every day.
我认为每天坚持有规律的锻炼是有必要的。
例句:I've made ita rule that I keep diaries every day.
我规定自己每天都要写日记。
动词hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted等表示“痛恨,喜欢,认为”的词或短语和see to“注意,留意”后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
例句:I hate it whenthey talk with their mouth full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
例句:Please see to it thatthe door is safely locked before you go.
请在走之前确保门都锁好了。
2)介词后的宾语从句
介词后一般常用wh-类词引导宾语从句。
例句:She is always thinking of howshe can do more for her children.
她总想着如何才能为孩子做得更多。
例句:We are thinking about whetherwe admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
用that引导的从句作介词宾语时,需要用形式宾语it替代,然后将that从句放在最后。
例句:You may depend on it thatwe will overcome the difficulty.
请你相信我们会战胜困难的。
3)形容词后的宾语从句
常可接宾语从句的形容词有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示“情感”等的形容词。
例句:We are pleased thatwe have won the game once again.
再次赢得了比赛,我们都很高兴。
例句:I am sure thatthey will make it in spite of the terrible weather.
我确信不管天气多么糟糕,
他们会取得成功的。
例句:I'm extremely sorry thatI have lost your English book.
我真是抱歉把你的英语书给弄丢了。
三、宾语从句的注意事项
1)宾语从句中需用陈述句语序
例句:I am wondering if you could lend your computer to me.
不知你能否把电脑借我用一下?
例句:He asked me when the basketball match would begin the next day.
他问我第二天的篮球比赛什么时候开始。
2)宾语从句的语气
关于宾语从句中的各种语气,在“英语语法专题87”已经详细介绍,在此不再重复。
3)宾语从句的时态
宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句时态的影响,因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态保持一致。一般要遵循以下原则:
① 主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。所以,宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况而定。
例句:She says(that) she works from Monday to Friday.
她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
例句:She says(that) she will sell the old books back to the school bookstore.
她说她要把旧书卖给学校的书店。(从句是一般将来时)
例句:She says(that) she has never seen the sea.
她说她从来没有见过大海。(从句是现在完成时)
② 主句是一般过去时,宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。
例句:He saidthere were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
例句:He saidthat
he was going to buy some new furniture.
他说他打算去买一些新家具。(从句是过去将来时)
例句:He saidthat they were having a class at that time.
他说他们那时正在上课。(从句是过去进行时)
③ 当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
例句:The teacher toldus that noting is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
例句:She saidthat her brother is five years older than her.
她说他哥哥比她大五岁。
例句:He saidthat earth travels around the sun.
他说地球围绕太阳转。
4)宾语从句的否定转移
主句谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,且主句的主语是第一人称和一般现在时时,从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
例句:I don't thinkit's right to bad-mouth other people.(常用)
=I think it is not right to bad-mouth other people.(不常用)
我认为说别人坏话是不对的。
例句:I don't supposethat's his fault,is it ?
我认为那不是他的错,是不是?
5)宾语从句中引导词that不可省略的情况
① that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时
例句:I think,first of all,thatwe must believe in
ourselves.
我认为,尤其重要的是,我们必须对自己有信心。
例句:He said,in his opinion,thatplaying video game not only wasted much time,but is also harmful to health.
他说,在他看来,打电子游戏不仅浪费时间还有害健康。
② 宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时
例句:He said that if he came back early,he could some for the discussion.
他说,如果早回来的话,他会来参加讨论会的。
例句:Mary said that,as she was not well,she might not attend the mid-term exam.
玛丽说,因为身体不好,她可能不参加这次期中考试了。
③ 当it作形式宾语,后接that引导的宾语从句时
例句:We have made itclear that our destination is to learn knowledge.
我们已经表明,我们的目的是学知识。
例句:I took itfor granted that my parents would allow me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.
我想当然的以为父母会允许我完成作业后出去走走。
④ 当that引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that(this)时,常不可省略
例句:Professor Wang told me that thatwas why he was not a little tired.
王教授告诉我那就是为什么他非常疲劳的原因。
例句:He said that thiswas not his computer,but his sister's.
他说这不是他的电脑,而是他姐姐的。
⑤ 宾语从句不止一个时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that常不可省略
例句:I think (that)it will clear up tomorrow and that they will go out for a picnic.
我认为明天会是晴天,他们会出去野餐。
⑥ 当when,who,what,where,why,how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时
例句:I know whyTom got the highest scores in the exam and that his parents wanted to send him abroad for further study.
我知道汤姆为什么在这次考试中拿到最高分,并且知道他的父母想把他送到国外深造。
例句:I'm sure wherehe lives and that he is living a happy life.
我非常清楚他住在什么地方,而且知道他生活得很幸福。
⑦ that引导的宾语从句位于句首时
例句:Thatshe didn't go home last night I simply don't believe.
我只是不相信她昨晚没有回家。
例句:Thatyou could complete the project a month earlier I never thought.
我完全没想到这工程你们提前一个月完成。
以上就是“宾语从句”的内容,咱们一定要结合例句学习句法和语法,这样更容易理解和实操英语!
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