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??习语（idiom）是言语中的某些有些经过长时刻重复运用后天然堆积构成的短语或短句，包括比方性词组（metaphorical phrase）、俚语（slang）、俗话（colloquialism）、谚语（proverb）等。
在规划上，构成习语的单词不可以任意改换；在逻辑上，习语的意义一般并非单词意义的简略组合。掌控必定的习语有助于打扫阅览了解中的妨碍，增强写作中言语的体现力。
真题援引
阅览以下语句或语段，写出划线有些习语的意义。
1. get the ball rolling
（2021年全国丙卷·阅览C篇）But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy,and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures（公司） were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.（ ）
选文说到，便士报的打开进程并不顺畅，关于已成功的报纸，它们的出书商并无多少改动原有商业传统的愿望，便士报作为一种新商业方法，是在年青、斗胆商人的推进下才初步施行的。
答案：开个头；初步活动、说话、谈论
拓宽：
set/start the ball rolling 开个头，初步活动、说话、谈论等；
keep the ball rolling/keep up the ball/keep the ball up 使作业持续，使组织正常作业，坚持活动气势
2. go a long way
（2014年全国乙卷·七选五）True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new cango a long wayin helping them develop their creativity.（ ）
选文指出，真实的创造力是用已有事物创造新事物的才能，咱们要给孩子思考的空间，测验用现有材料制造新东西对前进孩子的创造力很有协助。
答案：（对做某事）大有协助；很有作用
拓宽：come a long way 获得无量发展；获得许多作用
3. hands down
（2021年全国丙卷·阅览B篇）Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands downin design and sales,” adds Hill.（ ）
选文说到，三名我国籍的方案师与三名外国同行打开竞赛，且在方案与销量上打败了对方。这三名我国方案师是今世顶尖的时髦方案师，所以他们打败对方并没怎么吃力。
答案：垂手可得地；毫不吃力地
拓宽：该习语源自赛马，假定骑手现已遥遥抢先，明知自个必胜无疑，那他就不必着手扬鞭挞马。
Nigel always won hands down in any argument.
不管争论啥，奈杰尔老是毫不吃力地取胜。
此外，该习语还可标明“显着地；无疑地”。
all hands to the pump（s） 全体出动；风雨同舟；人人参加
4. have a way with
（2021年全国丙卷·阅览D篇）Monkeys seem tohave a way withnumbers.
…
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.（ ）
选文指出，数百次实验中，山公在一半以上的实验中选中了更高的数值（在实验中，山公选择的数字或数字组合越大，得到的奖赏就越多），这标明它们具有必定的核算与比照才能。
答案：长于同……接近或打交道；对……很有办法；能领导、说服或影响……
拓宽：cut both/two ways 双面都说得通或行得通；有利也有弊
5. keep tabs on
（2021年全国丙卷·阅览B篇）In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs onmore than 2,000 productions this year.（ ）
选文介绍的是一个非盈利组织监控动物在拍照进程中遭到的待遇，画线习语实为“监控”的同义表述。
答案：重视；监督；亲近留心
拓宽：keep an eye on 照看；留心；留心
6. make ends meet
（2012年全国甲卷·完形填空）Around twenty years ago I was living in York. Though I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree, I could not find satisfying work.
I was driving a school bus to make ends meetand living with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat.（ ）
选文说到，作者虽有许多经历与硕士学位，但仍找不到满足的作业，只得靠开校车牵强营生。
答案：糊口；使出入相抵；牵强坚持生计
拓宽：make both ends meet 糊口，使出入相抵，牵强坚持生计；no end 极端，非常
7. meant business
（2021年全国乙卷·完形填空）Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him；he meant business. In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned.（ ）
选文说到，莫里斯·阿什利与自个的学生是校友，他很垂青这份作业，理解地奉告学生拿到课程学分并非易事。
答案：严厉细心；说话管用；说到做到
拓宽：funny/monkey business 捣乱；恶作剧；哄人幻术
8. off the hook
（2021年全国甲卷·阅览B篇）The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hookfor another season.（ ）
选文指出，有位家长将后勤作业组织得极好，教练能安心练习孩子们，其他家长则因无须操心下个赛季的作业如释重负。
答案：抽身；脱节窘境或责任
拓宽：by hook or by crook 千方百計地；不择办法地
9. on cloud nine
（2011年全国甲卷·阅览E篇）“I didn’t hear them call my name,” explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens（AT） as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. “Are you ready？” is what she heard. Then she said, “I shook my head no, and then they said ‘yes and it was announced again.”
It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana—she was still on cloud nine.（ ）
选文说到，雪莱·亨尼格赢得了2004年度“美国妙龄小姐”荣誉称谓。对她而言，这是一个令人激动的时刻，也是一个改悦耳生的时刻，致使于在获奖四天之后，她仍然特别开心。
答案：高兴极了；异常振奋；乐不可以支
拓宽：该习语的原有方法为on cloud seven，这可以与the seventh heaven（极乐世界）的说法有关。
在美国气候术语中，有cloud nine一词，意指第九类云，即“夏日的积雨云”。因为nine大于seven，所以我们逐步用on cloud nine替代on cloud seven了。
a nine days wonder/a one-day/ seven-day wonder
少纵即逝；颤动一时的人或事。
10. pipe dream
（2016年全国丙卷·阅览C篇）There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinstate, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dreamfor most apple lovers who fall for it.（ ）
选文指出，Orleans Reinstate是味道最佳的苹果品种之一，但对温度、气候、土壤的需求非常高。因而，关于大大都苹果喜爱者而言，栽培这种苹果只是一个无法完成的愿望算了。
答案：白日梦；愿望；幻想
11. rain or shine
（2015年全国乙卷·阅览B篇）...but the best part—particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.
The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m.,rain or shine,along North Lemon and State streets.（ ）
选文说到，萨拉索塔农贸商场建于1979年，该商场每周六早上7点到下午1点运营，风雨无阻。
答案：不管晴雨；不管气候好坏；不管如何；在任何情况下
拓宽：rain cats and dogs/rain elephants and whales/rain buckets/rain pitchforks 大雨滂沱；大雨倾盆
12. turn the tables
（2021年全国甲卷·阅览D篇）Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive,the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.（ ）
选文指出，有些植物会开释出香味，它们的天敌会被香味招引而来，此时进犯者反而沦为被进犯的目标。
答案：改变局势；反败为胜；转而占优势
拓宽：under the table 悄然地，私下地，不合法地；酣醉的，酩酊酣醉的
13. tug at the heartstrings
（2021年全国甲卷·阅览B篇）She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes,Ill do it.”（ ）
选文说到，作者认为有必要给这位家长做下思维作业，所以抉择用真情实感感动她，并究竟说服了对方。
答案：牵动心弦；让人发生怜惜之心
拓宽：tug of war 拔河竞赛；斗争；剧烈的抢夺
tug at the heartstrings的同义短语为：
pull at the heartstrings。
材料堆集
许多习语在方法上其实与咱们耳熟能详的一般短语并无二致，只不过习语一般表达的是较为陌生的意义，有时还要联系特定的前史或文明布景才干精确了解。
下面将弥补一些习语，以进一步增进我们对习语这一一起文明表象的晓得。
1. Achilles heel 丧命缺陷
I think Frank’s vanity is his Achilles heel.
我认为，虚荣心是弗兰克的丧命缺陷。
2. all bally-which-way 全都搞乱了；完全迷糊了；非常利诱不解
Just when you think you know that country, somehow its twisted all bally-which-way.
你认为你晓得那个国家，不知怎么地，悉数都给搞迷糊了。
3. bad news 账单；意外的或令人怅惘的境况或作业；让人厌烦的人
Okay,lets see what the bad 
news is.
好吧，咱们瞧瞧是啥账单。
That meeting was strictly bad news as far as I was concerned.
在我看来，那次会开得糟透了。
4. banana oil 胡说8道；甜言甘言
That is the silliest banana oil I have ever heard！
那是我听过的最愚笨的瞎话！
Cut out your banana oil；flattery doesn’t work here and it will get you nowhere.
收起你的甜言甘言，阿谀奉承在这儿不起作用，你靠吹捧捞不到啥优点。
5. big cheese 重要人物；有权势的人
It is said that he is the big cheese in the small town.
传闻他是这小镇里的头号人物。
6. broken arm 桌上剩菜；残羹剩饭
He cleared away the broken arms from the table.
他把桌上的剩下饭菜都拾掇洁净了。
7. cherry pie 简略做成的事或简略到手的东西；得来甚为简略的钱
The interview was a cherry pie.
那次面试很简略抵挡。
He is made of money, because he has plenty of cherry pies.
他的钱多得用不完，因为他的钱得来全不费功夫。
8. chicken feed 一笔微缺乏道的钱；为数甚微的金钱
The bank offered to lend us ￡1,000 but that’s chicken feed compared to what we need.
银行提出贷给咱们一千英镑，但这与咱们需要的数目比较几乎是杯水车薪。
9. chin music （尤指不必要的）说话；闲谈
Cut it out！I am tired of you guys chin music.
住嘴！你們这些家伙天南海北地胡侃，我现已烦透了。
10. couch potato 整天泡在电视机前的人
Poor Ted has become such a couch potato that we cant persuade him to do anything.
不幸的泰德如今整天泡在电视机前，咱们现已无法说服他做任何作业。
11. David and Jonathan 存亡之交；存亡之交；诚心诚意的兄弟
Being David and Jonathan, they always bend over backwards to help each other.
作为存亡
之交，他们老是用尽全力协助对方。
12. dog it 偷闲，磨洋工，推脱责任；不务正业，唐塞完事；溜走，匆忙脱离；过旅居日子
The whole shop has been dogging it today.
今日店里人人都在磨洋工。
If Bill gets hurt early， he will play safe and dog it.
假定比尔上场不久就受伤，他就会专心求稳，唐塞完事。
The thief dogged it when the cop arrived.
差人到时，小偷现已溜之大吉了。
He was dogging it， mooching his room and board. 他是寄生虫，强赖着白住白吃。
13. doubting Thomas 置疑论者；有满足根据才肯信赖的人
Mary wont believe that I have a dog until she sees it. She’s such a doubting Thomas.
玛丽直到看到我的狗才信赖我的确养了一条狗，她就是这样一个多疑的人。
14. Dutch uncle 严肃但好心的批判者；直抒己见的?嫡?
I would not have to lecture you like a Dutch uncle if you did not act so rebelliously.
假定你不是体现得太背叛，我也用不着这么训你。
15. easy mark 傻瓜；迷糊虫；简略上当的人
Bill is known to all the neighborhood beggars as an easy mark.
邻近区域的乞丐都晓得比尔是个简略上当上当的人。
16. egg-sucker 靠拍马屁往上爬的人；阿谀奉承者
同义习语为apple-polisher
The guy is nothing but an egg-sucker. Ignore him.
这家伙只是个马屁精，别理他。
17. fast talker 长于诈骗的人；甜言甘言的骗子
I wouldn’t trust John if I were you—he is a fast talker.
我要是你就不会信赖约翰——他是个骗子。
18. five-by-five 肥胖的
She eats only a little every day because she doesn’t want to be five-by-five.
因为不想发胖，她每天吃得不多。
19. gas man 上门广告宣传员；稳妥公司推销员
Jim works as a gas man for an advertising company on Maple Street.
吉姆在楓树街的一家广告公司当广告宣传员。
20. get a break 交好运
Bill got a break when he won the lottery.
比尔交上了好运，买彩票中了奖。
21. go to town 尽力干，灵敏干，大干一番；体现超卓，做得成功
Angela really went to town on buying things for her new house.
安吉拉张狂地给她的新居置办物品。
Our team is going to town this year and we have won all five games that we played.
咱们队本年体现超卓，五战五胜。
22. Greek gift 存心害人的礼物；带有阴恶意图的礼物
The loan of his cottage turned out to be a Greek gift. The roof fell in and injured us.
他把他的小屋暂借给咱们正本是不安好意。房顶塌了下来，咱们都受了伤。
23. half-and-half （掺牛奶的）稀奶油
She usually puts half-and-half in her coffee.
她常在咖啡里加稀奶油。
24. happy-go-lucky 高枕无忧的；逍遥安适的
What impressed me most was his happy-go-lucky attitude.
让我形象最为深化的是他那高枕无忧的心态。
25. hit home 击中要害；触及痛处；起到激烈作用
The full horror of the war only hit home when we started seeing the television pictures of it.
看到电视上的图像后，咱们才充分知道到这场战争有多惊骇。
26. ivory-hunter 擅长物色人才的人；人才的发掘者；伯乐
The coach is an ivory-hunter in baseball.
这位教练长于物色棒球方面的人才。
27. John Doe 一般人；无名氏
They are brilliant educators and John Does.
他们是杰出的教育家，一起也是普通的一般人。
28. jump ship 换岗；离任
The best employees jumped ship at the first opportunity.
最优良的职工一有机缘就换岗了。
29. kangaroo 澳大利亚人；诬害，用伪证宣告……有罪
He is a kangaroo, not a Canadian.
他是澳洲人，不是加拿大人。
He was kangarooed of smuggling.
他被诬害犯了走私罪。
30. laughing soup 烈酒
Drinking too much laughing soup is harmful to your health.
喝太多的烈性酒，对你的安康有害。
31. long green 现钞；纸币；钱（常指大笔的钱）
Well be there tomorrow afternoon with the long green.
明日下午咱们将带着钞票去那里。
He tucked away a little of the long green.
他把这一大笔钱中少量的钱藏起来了。
32. mean beans 毫无价值
Ted boasts a lot about his new invention, but frankly, the whole thing means beans.
泰德大举吹捧自个的新创造，但坦率地说，那整个东西没有一点点价值。
33. meat bag 肚子；胃部
There is something wrong with his meat bag and he has been in the bathroom for minutes.
他肚子有点不舒畅，现已在清洁间待了好几分钟。
34. nest egg 存款；贮藏金；备用的钱
Regular investment of small amounts of money is an excellent way of building a nest egg.
小额固定出资是储蓄的好办法。
35. nip straws 感到惧怕
He nipped straws before the test.
考试之?械骄迮铝恕?
36. one degree under 有点不舒畅
该习语的变体方法为more than one degree under与several degrees under
I was feeling one degree under with a sore throat so I had to miss going to the cinema. 我喉咙痛，身体有点不舒畅，只好不去看影片了。
37.one-eyed monster 电视机
其同义习语为idiot box和idiots lantern
Okay, you turn on the one-eyed monster！
行啊，你开电视机吧！
38. out to lunch 发疯的，失掉沉着的；魂不守舍的，心猿意马的
So do I take this guy seriously or is he out to lunch？
那这家伙是细心的，仍是一时激动？
39. pink slip 辞退告诉单
其同义习语为walking papers与walking ticket。
She was called into the managers office and given her pink slip.
她被叫到司理的单位，收到晓得雇告诉单。
40. play ball 协作
The family wanted him to be taken care of at home, but the insurance company refused to play ball.
家里人期望他留在家里并得到照顧，但稳妥公司回绝协作。
41. polish apples 拍马屁；阿谀
其同义习语为polish the （old） apple
Lets get Ruben to talk to them. He is good at polishing apples.
咱们让鲁本跟他们谈吧，因为他长于阿谀奉承。
42. quick parts 才智
There is no doubt that the author is a man of quick parts.
毫无疑问，这位作者是个才调横溢的人。
43. red tape 烦琐费时的手续；繁文缛节
The new rules should help cut the red tape for farmers.
新规则应有助于为农场主削减烦琐费时的手续。
44. rock candy 钻石
They looked here and there, with no rock candy found.
他们四处寻找，却找不到钻石。
45. saw wood 熟睡，打鼾；不管闲事，只管干自个的事
He sawed wood all night in sleeping.
他睡觉时整夜打呼噜。
Tom said nothing, sawing wood in the room.
汤姆啥话也没说，只管着在屋子里做自个的事。
46. say-so 一自个的话；答应（该习语中的连字符可以省掉）
He hired and fired people on his partners say-so.
他雇谁辞谁全听他合伙人的一句话。
Nothing could be done without her say-so.
未经她答应，啥都不可以以做。
47. strike oil 发大财；大获成功；满足满足
He did not make money in the business at first but he finally struck oil.
刚初步他经商并没有赚到钱，但最终发了大财。
I worked at the problem all eight days before I struck oil.
在满足处置这个疑问之前，我整整研讨了8天。
We struck oil with the hotel we went to this summer. It was comfortable and we really enjoyed our holiday.
咱们对本年夏天找到的那家旅馆非常满足。它非常舒畅，咱们假期过得很开心。
48. talk shop（尤指在不恰当的场合）谈论本行作业；三句话不离本行
Those professors are all chemists. It is impossible to understand them when they start talking shop.
那些教授尽是化学家，他们开口缄默沉静三句话不离本行，让人一句也听不理解。
49. talk turkey 翻开天?盗粱?
I'm not here to waste time, so talk turkey or I'll go.
我不是来这儿浪费时刻的，让咱们正襟端坐地谈，否则我要走啦。
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往期精选
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