外研版高中英语必修第一册Unit2 Exploring English重点单词语法

  • A+
所属分类:外教英语培训

2. behaviour [bhevj(r)] n. 举止,行为

His behaviour yesterday was a bit strange.

他昨天的表现有点儿反常。

3. unique [junik] adj. 独一无二的,独特的

Everyone's fingerprints are unique.

每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。

4. burn up 烧毁,烧尽

Let 's burn up all this waste paper.

咱们把这些废纸烧掉吧。

5. burn down 烧毁

A number of houses were burnt down in the fire.

好些房子给烧毁了。

6. alarm [lɑm] n. 警报器;闹钟

The cat set off the alarm (= made it start ringing).

猫碰响了警铃。

The alarm went off at 7 o'clock.

闹钟在7点钟响了。

7. reflect [rflekt] v. 显示,反映

His face was reflected in the mirror.

他的脸映照在镜子里。

8. creativity [krietvti] n. 创造性,创造力

There is NO software development without creativity.

没有创造力就没有软件开发。

9. wind up 给(机械)上发条;使(活动、会议等)结束

Soon I will wind up my visit to Egypt.

我马上就要结束对埃及的访问。

10. creative [ju'nat] adj. 创造(性)的

He is a very creative student.

他是个很有创造力的学生。

11. type [tap] n. 类型,种类

I love this type of book.

我喜欢这类书籍。

12. come across 偶尔发现

Perhaps I shall come across him in France.

也许我会在法国遇见他。

13. unfamiliar [nfmli] adj. 不熟悉的,不了解的

She grew many wonderful plants that were unfamiliar to me.

她种了很多我从未见过的奇异植物。

14. contact [kntkt] v. 联系,联络

I've been trying to contact you all day.

我整天一直在设法与你联系。

15. organization [ɡnazen] n. 组织,团体,机构

Most of the food for the homeless is provided by voluntary organizations.

给无家可归者的大部分食物是由志愿组织提供的。

He and the organization have a long relationship with this hospital.

他和这个机构与这家医院有着长久的关系。

16. likely [lakli] adj. 可能的,可能发生的

Tickets are likely to be expensive.

入场券可能很贵。

17. subway [sbwe] n. 地铁

I can do anything on the subway.

我乘地铁的时候可以做任何事情。

18. gas [ɡs] n. 汽油

Gas has hardly any weight.

气体几乎没有重量。

19. petrol [petrl] n. 汽油

We ran out of petrol.

我们的汽油用完了。

20. apartment [pɑtmnt] n. 一套住房,公寓套房

Christina has her own apartment, with her own car.

克里斯蒂娜有她自己的公寓,有自己的车。

21. flat [flt] n. 一套住房,公寓套房

Do you live in a flat or a house?

你住的是公寓还是独立住宅?

22. context [kntekst] n. 上下文,语境

You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context.

你应该能从上下文猜出这个词的含义。

23. addition [dn] n. 增加物,添加物

This is a fine book; a worthy addition to the series.

这是一本好书——是对这套丛书有价值的增补。

24. resource [rss; rzs] n. 资料,(教学)资源

Without these resources man cannot exist.

没有这些资源,人们就不能生存。

25. misadventure [msdvent(r)] n. 事故,灾难

I decided to keep my misadventure secret.

我打算对这段过错保密。

Our bravest and best lessons are not learnt through success, but through misadventure

最美好的教训不是得之于成功,而是来之于不幸。

26. remind [rmand] v. 提醒,使……想起

I'm sorry, I've forgotten your name. Can you remind me?

对不起,我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗?

Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.

提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。

27. rather [rɑ(r)] adv. 相当,颇

She fell and hurt her leg rather badly.

她跌倒了,腿伤得相当重。

28. comment [kment] n. 评论

Have you any comment to make about the cause of the disaster?

你对发生灾难的原因有何评论?

She made helpful comments on my work.

她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。

29. have a frog in one’s throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难

You sound like you have a frog in your throat.

你的声音听起来很嘶哑,像是卡了什么东西。

30. downtown [dantan] adj. 在城镇中心区的,在闹市区的

I have an apartment in downtown manhattan.

我在曼哈顿中心区有一套住房。

31. boot [but] n. 靴子

He wore a pair of black leather boots.

他穿着一双黑皮靴。

32. entrance [entrns] n. 大门(口),入口(处)

I'll meet you at the main entrance.

我在正门见你。

33. section [sekn] n. 区域

That section of the road is still closed.

那段公路依旧封闭。

34. exit [ekst; eɡzt] n. 出口

Where's the exit?

出口在哪儿?

There is a fire exit on each floor of the building.

这栋建筑每层楼都有个消防通道。

35. actually [ktuli] adv. 事实上,实际上

What did she actually say?

她到底是怎么说的?

36. downstairs [danstez] adv. 在楼下

Wait downstairs in the hall.

在楼下大厅里等着。

37. odd [d] adj. 奇特的,古怪的

There's something odd about that man.

那个人有点儿怪。

The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.

怪就怪在他没认出我来。

38.
外研版高中英语必修第一册Unit2 Exploring English重点单词语法插图
negative [neɡtv] adj. 消极的,负面的

Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.

科学家对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。

39. error [er(r)] n. 错误,谬误

There are too many errors in your work.

你的工作失误太多。

40. intend [ntend] v. 计划,打算

I intend to take the bus to school three mornings a week.

我打算每周三个早晨乘公车去上学。

41. informal [nfml] adj. (书写或言谈)非正式的

Am I going for an interview or an informal chat?

我是去面试还是去进行非正式的谈话?

42. recognise ['rekɡnaz] v. 认识,辨认出

We haven't seen each other in ten years. We didn't recognize him.

我们十年没见,我们没有认出他。

43. base [bes] v. 以……为基础

What are you basing this theory on?

你这种理论的根据是什么?

44. aware [we(r)] adj. 意识到的,明白的

be aware of 知道

They should be aware of their rights.

他们应该知道他们的权利。

He was well aware of the problem.

他很清楚这个问题。

二、常见表达方式

1. Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? I
外研版高中英语必修第一册Unit2 Exploring English重点单词语法插图(1)
hadn't, until

one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn't. This

made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either. 你有没有问过自己,为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难?直到有一天,我五岁的儿子问我汉堡包里有没有火腿时我才(问自己这个问题)。

have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难

I have some trouble (in) reading the letter, for handwriting is very bad. 我读这封信很困难, 因为他的书写很差.

five-year-old是合成词,它是三个单词通过连字符连接而构成的新单词,词义是“五岁大的”;eggplant是egg和 plant组合在一起构成的新单词,词义是“茄子”。合成词是把两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,有些带连字符,有些不带。合成词的词义通常可以由组成它的几个单词的意思推测出。

注意year用单数。

2. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy

language to learn. 菠萝里既没有松树也没有苹果,这让我想到英语是一门多么疯狂的语言。

1) “neither…nor…既不……也不……”连接两个并列句子成分,表示完全否定,其用法如

下:

①连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近一致”原则。谓语动词

的数遵循此原则的还有either…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等。

例句:Neither you nor I am leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow.

Neither I nor you are leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow. 你和我明天都不去香港。

② neither或nor置于句首时,其后句子用部分倒装语序。

例句:I can’t play tennis, but neither can Jack. 我不会打网球,不过杰克也不会。

拓展:表示否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,句子用部分倒装语序,即把系动词be、

助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。这样的词或短语有 never, neither, nor, hardly,

rarely, seldom, little, by no means, in no way, at no time, on no account等。

2) get sb doing sth 让某人做某事,通常指习惯性动作,经常性的,或者是已经做了的事。

It is hard to get him doing his homework before dinner everyday. 想要让他每天晚饭前做作业

是很难的。

3. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? 说到家,为什么

家庭作业和家务活儿不一样呢?

speak of 提起,说到

Where is the letter you speak of? 你所说的这封信在哪儿?

4. English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.

That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are

invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage,

it ends. 英语是人类发明的,而不是计算机发明的。它反映了人类的创造力。这就是为什

么当星星“out”时,它们是看得见的,而当灯“out”时,它们是看不见的。这就是为什

么当我“wind up”手表时,它开始走动,但当我“wind up”这篇文章时,它就是写完了。

1) wind up 给(机械)上发条;使(活动、会议等)结束

I’d like to wind up the meeting soon. 我想尽快结束会议。

I forget to wind up the clock. What time is it? 我忘记给钟上发条了。现在几点了?

2) That/This/It is why + 结果 那/这就是为什么……(why 引导表语从句)

That/This/It is because+原因那/这是因为……( because引导表语从句)

The reason(why...) is that...(……的)原因是…… (why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句)

例句:He was ill. That's why he was taken to the hospital. 他病了,那就是为什么他被送到了

医院。

He was taken to the hospital. That's because he was ill. 他被送到了医院,那是因为他病

了。

The reason why he was taken to the hospital is that he was ill. 他被送到医院的原因是

他病了。

5. People say that the British always play safe with what they eat. 据说英国人对吃的东西总是很谨慎。

play safe with对……很谨慎

It's probably OK to eat them raw, but it's best to play safe by cooking them.

People/They say that… 据说……

其同义句式:

It is said that …

Sb/Sth is said to do sth.

It + be + 过去分词 + that…

It is reported that… 据报道……

It is hoped that… 人们希望……

It is believed that… 人们想信……

People say that he has moved to Chicago. = It’s said that he has moved to Chicago. = He is said

to have moved to Chicago. 据说他已经搬到芝加哥了。

6. according to 据……所说;按照,根据

according to the police 按照警方的说法

according to the latest survey 根据最新调查

according to the weather report 根据天气预报

according to the rules 按照规则

go according to plan按照计划进行

according to用来引出来自他人或他处的消息,不能与me或 my opinion连用。表达“依

我看”可用 in my opinion。

7. When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think

this is a bit scary. 当你打开词典的时候,你经常会遇到许多不熟悉的单词。你可能会觉得

这有点儿可怕。

come across 偶然发现。

come across an old friend 碰到一位老朋友

came across this book in an old bookstore 在一家旧书店里发现了这本书

You are likely to come across large wild animals, too. 你也很可能会遇到大型野生动物。

be likely to可能

It is likely + that + 从句 = Sb/Sth be likely to do sth 很可能……,即可用人又可用物作主语。

8. contact sb immediately/directly 立即/直接与某人联系

contact sb by email/telephone 通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系

make contact with sb/get in contact with sb 与某人取得联系

9. be short for 是……的缩写,简称

for short 作为简称

in short总之,简言之

Her name is Alex——it’s short for Alexandra. 她名叫亚历克斯,是亚历山德拉的简称。

Her name is Alexandra, or Alex for short. 她名叫亚历山德拉,或简称为亚历克斯。

10. In addition 另外;也。可用于句首、句中或句末,用于句首或句中时,通常用逗号与句

子的其他部分隔开。

in addition“除此之外,此外”,是介词短语作副词用,单独作状语;

in addition to“除……以外(还)”,是短语介词,后面要接名词、代词或动名词,相当于介

词 besides和短语介词 as well as, apart from。

The products are of high quality. In addition, the price is low. 产品质量上乘。另外,价格低

廉。

In addition to swimming, she likes playing the guitar. 除了游泳,她还喜欢弹吉他。

11. make sure确保,设法保证;查明,弄清楚

make sure of (doing) sth 确保……;弄清楚……

I think the door’s locked, but I’ll just go and make sure. 我想门已经锁上了,但我还是要去确

认一下。

be sure of /that … 对……有把握(主语自身的信念)

be sure to do sth一定会做某事;务必要做某事(说话者对主语的判断或要求)

He is sure of success. 他自信能成功。

He is sure to success. 他一定能成功。

12. Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading

posts from other English learners around the world. 你不仅可以发布具体的问题,而且还可

以通过阅读来自世界各地其他英语学习者的帖子来拓宽你的知识面。

1) broaden 动词,加宽,拓宽。-en与形容词构成动词,表示“使、使成为”;与名词构成动

词,表示“使有、具有”。

2) not only…but also…意为“不但……,而且……”,连接并列的句子成分。连接主语时,

采用“就近一致”原则,即由but also后的主语来决定谓语动词的单复数。当not only

位于句首时,not only分句需要用部分倒装,but also分句不需要倒装。即Not only + 助

动词/情态动词等 + 主语 + 剩余部分。

例句:Not only you but also I am going to attend his birthday party. =Not only I but also you

are going to attend his birthday party. 不仅你/我而且我/你都将参加他的生日派对。

Not only the Greens but also their daughter is going to London by plane this weekend.

这个周末,不仅格林夫妇,还有他们的女儿也要乘飞机去伦敦。

Not only does he speak English fluently, but also he speaks it correctly. 他不仅英语说

得流利, 还说得正确。

13. I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. 我花了好几天时间准备和写我的

第一篇英文论文。

Sb spends some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费一些时间做某事

She spends all her free time painting. 她把所有的空闲时间都用来绘画。

Sb spends some money (on) doing sth. 某人花费一些钱做某事

Sb spends some time money on sth. 某人在某物上花费一些时间/金钱

I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. 我在某个地方读到过,我们整整三分之一的生命都在等待。

Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. 体育队的老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。

14. 构词法

英语构词法主要有三种:合成法、派生法和转化法。

1) 合成法

把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫合成法,由合成法构成的词叫合成词。

①合成名词的主要构成方法:

n. + n. suitcase 手提箱,earthquake 地震,mankind 人类

adj. + n. greenhouse 温室, highway 公路, shorthand 速记

v. + n. playground 操场, scarecrow稻草人, pickpocket 扒手

n. + v. sunshine阳光, daybreak 破晓, sunrise日出

n. + v.-ing sightseeing 观光, handwriting 书法,

v.-ing + n. dining car 餐车, waiting room 候诊室

adv. + n. inland 内陆, overcoat 大衣

v. + adv. get-together 联欢会, breakdown 破裂

adv. + v. outbreak 爆发, output 产量, downfall 垮台, income 收入

pron. + n. he-goat 公山羊, she-wolf 母狼

其他方式:well-being 健康的, grown-up成人, brother-in-law 姐/妹夫, go-between中间人, commander-in-chief总司令, passer-by路人

②合成动词的主要构成方法:

n. + v. sunbathe 沐日光浴, sleepwalk 梦游

adv. + v. download 下载, undergo 经历

adj. + v. whitewash 粉刷, blacklist 列入黑名单

③合成形容词的主要构成方法:

adj. + n.-ed noble-minded 高尚的, good-tempered 脾气好的

adj. + v.-ing good-looking 好看的, easy-going 随和的

adv. + v.-ing hard-working 勤劳的, far-reaching 影响深远的

n. + v.-ing peace-loving 热爱和平的, epoch-making 划时代的

n. + 过去分词 well-known 著名的, widespread 广泛流传的

adj./adv. + n. full-time 全职的, high-class 高级的

n. + adj. ice-cold 冰冷的, airsick 晕机的

num. + n. million-pound 百万英镑的, first-class 头等的

num. + n. + adj. eight-year-old 八岁, five-metre-long 五米长的

num. + n.-ed three-legged 三条腿的, ten-storeyed 10层的

其他方式:overall 全部的, face-to-face 面对面的, all-round 全面的, happy-go-lucky

无忧无虑的

④合成副词的主要构成方法:

adj. + n. hotfoot 匆忙地

adv. + adv. however 然而

prep. + n. overnight 在晚上;一夜之间

prep. + adv. forever 永远

⑤合成介词的主要构成方法:

adv. + n. outside 在……外面

prep. + adv. within 在……之内

2) 派生法

在一个词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀生成一个新词,这种构词法称为派生法。加在前面的词缀叫前缀,加在后面的词缀叫后缀。

①前缀:前缀一般只改变词的意义,不改变词性。

表示否定意义的前缀:

un-, unfit 不合适的, unlike 不像

dis-, dislike 不喜欢,disagree 不同意

in-/im-/ir-/il-, incomplete 不完全的,impossible 不可能的, irregular 不规则的, illegal 不合法的

non-, non-smoker 不抽烟的人,non-stop 不停地, non-violence 非暴力反抗

mis-, misunderstand 误解,misuse 误用, misread 误读

表示其他意义的前缀:

a- 的,asleep 睡着的,alive 活着的

en- 使,enrich 使丰富,enlarge 使扩大

inter- 互相,international 国际的, Internet 因特网

re- 再,又,重, recycle 再循环,rebuild 重建

tele- 远程的,television 电视, telescope 望远镜

auto- 自动, automatic 自动的, autodial 自动拨号

co- 共同, co-worker 同事, cooperate 合作

anti- 反对,防, antibody 抗体,antifreeze 防冻剂

kilo- 千, kilogram 千克, kilometre 千米

②后缀:后缀通常改变词性,构成意思相近的其它词性的词,少数后缀会改变词义。

形容词后缀:

-able 可……的,能……的, acceptable可接受的,moveable 可移动的

-al 属于….. 的,具有……性质的, cultural 文化的, magical 有魔力的

-an 某地的,……人的, Asian 亚洲(人)的, Canadian 加拿大(人)的

-en 由……制作的, wooden 木制的,woolen羊毛的

-ern ……方向的, eastern 东方的, western 西方的

-ese 某国(人)的, Chinese 中国(人)的, Japanese 日本(人)的

-ful 充满……的, harmful 有害的, respectful 恭敬地

-less 没有……的 useless 无用的, hopeless 绝望的

-ic/ical 与……有关的,……的,historic 历史的,typical典型的

-ish 如……的, childish 孩子气的, selfish自私的

-ive 有……性质的,有……倾向的, impressive 给人印象深刻的,protective 保护的

-ous 有……特性的, dangerous 危险的,mountainous 多山的;山一般的

-ly 有…….性质的, friendly 有好的, likely 可能的

-y 有……特性的,充满……的, dusty 布满灰尘的, wealthy富有的

动词后缀:

-fy/-ify simplify 简化, classify将……分类

-en shorten 缩短, widen 加宽

-ize/-ise realize/realize 实现, apologize/apologise 道歉

副词后缀:

-ly ……地, personally 就个人而言,亲自, totally完全地

-ward(s) 表示“方向”, forward(s) 向前(地), westward(s) 向西(地)

名词后缀:

-er 人, designer 设计师, programmer 程序员

-or 人, sailor 水手, actor 演员

-ist 人, specialist 专家,artist 艺术家

-ess 女性,雌性, actress 女演员, lioness母狮

-ful 充满……的量, handful 一把, mouthful 一满口

-ment 状态,结果, excitement 兴奋,刺激, achievement 成就

-ness 状态,性质, sickness 疾病, kindness 仁慈, 好意

-tion/-ation 状态,行为 production 生产;制造, explanation 解释;说明

-sion 状态,行为, admission 允许进入, permission 许可;允许

-th 性质,状态,过程,warmth 温暖,strength 强项;力量

-an/-ian 人, musician 音乐家, physician 医生

-ism ……主义;行业, optimism 乐观;乐观主义, tourism 旅游业

-ship情况,状态,性质;身份,职业;技能, relationship 关系, citizenship 公民权,

musicianship音乐技能

-y 状态,性质, difficulty 困难, honesty 诚实

-hood 时期;状态;身份, childhood童年, motherhood 母亲身份

数词后缀:

-teen fourteen 十四, eighteen 十八

-ty forty四十,eighty 八十

-th fourth 第四,eighth 第八

3) 转换法

一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性,这种构词法称为转化法。

由名词转化为动词:face n. 脸→v. 面对

由动词转化为名词:cure v. 治疗→n. 治愈

由形容词转化为动词:empty adj. 空的→v. 把……腾空

由形容词转化为名词:brief adj. 简短的,简要的→n. 摘要,概要

由副词转化为动词: forward adv. 向前→v. 转寄,转运

由名词或数词转化为副词:home n. 家→adv. 回家

由形容词转化为副词: long adj. 冗长的;长的→adv. 长时间地,长久地

个别词在一定场合下可转化为名词:

This dictionary is a must for students. 这是一本学生必备词典。

His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

发表评论

:?: :razz: :sad: :evil: :!: :smile: :oops: :grin: :eek: :shock: :???: :cool: :lol: :mad: :twisted: :roll: :wink: :idea: :arrow: :neutral: :cry: :mrgreen: