- A+
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself 
to re-creating long-forgotten techniques.
在过去的五年里，科学历史学家保拉·史密斯(Paula Smith)一直致力于重现人们早已遗忘的技术。
While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
做研究时她的新书,她遇到了一个16世纪的法国手稿(手稿)组成的近1000的指令集,覆盖对象从工具找到最好的沙滩。
The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name;
作者的意图仍然是神秘的神(秘)作为他的名字;
he may have been simply taking notes for his own records.
他可能只是在为自己的记录做笔记。
But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described.
但令史密斯感到震惊的是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。
"You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.
她说:“你根本无法通过阅读了解这一手工作品。”
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things 
the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud.
尽管史密斯确实得到了最好的沙子，但用传统的方法做事情并不只是玩法国泥。
Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them.
重建工作的工匠(工匠)住几百年前可以揭示他们如何看待这个世界,什么对象了家园,什么继续的生产车间。
It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
它甚至可以帮助解决当今的问题:2015年，科学家们发现，一种用于解决夏娃问题的10世纪英国医学可以杀死一种耐药病毒。
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says.
史密斯说，这项工作也为博物馆带来了启发。
One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it.
为了保存文物，人们必须知道物品是如何制作的。
What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like 
before time wore them down.
更重要的是，重建可能是了解宝藏在时间磨损之前是什么样子的唯一途径。
Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues.
学者们已经在古希腊和罗马的雕像中看到了这一想法的实践。
These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours.
这些雕塑被描绘成色彩鲜明的彩虹。
We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
如果不看艺术作品最初出现的样子，我们无法欣赏这些细节——史密斯认为，只有当你有路线图时，你才能做到这一点。
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice.
史密斯已把原稿的思想付诸实践。
Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
她的最终目标是将艺术和科学重新联系在一起:她相信将古老的食谱带入生活可以帮助发展一种学习方式，强调实验、团队合作和解决问题。
Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world.
当科学——也就是所谓的“新哲学”——初具雏形时，学术界寻求工匠的帮助来理解自然世界。
Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
显微镜和望远镜发明的艺术修补(修补),与玻璃工匠尝试更好的弯曲光线。
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现动手经验和工艺的价值，我们就能把我们最好的现代洞察力与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。
二、阅读检测
38. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?
A. Confused about the technical terms.
B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.
C. Discouraged by its complex structure.
D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.
39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________.
A. restore old workshops B. understand the craftsmen
C. improve visual effects D. inspire the philosophers
40. Why does the author mention museums?
A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.
B. To present the findings of old science.
C. To highlight the importance of antiques.
D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.
41. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists
B. Craftsmanship Leads 
to New Theories
C. Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science
三、答案分析
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.” 让史密斯震惊主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。” 由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, ” 重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. ”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。
【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。
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